Waves
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| waves | oscillations that carry energy
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| oscillation | an up-and-down or back-and-forth motion
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| vacuum | space that has no matter in it
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| mechanical waves | waves that move through matter
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| types of mechanical waves | - water waves
- sound waves
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| electromagnetic waves | waves that move through vacuums
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| types of electromagnetic waves | - light waves
- x-rays
- radio waves
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| wave properties (definition) | the four main characteristics of a wave
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| amplitude | one-half the distance between a wave's high point and low point; measures how much a wave is displaced from its resting point
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| crest | a wave's high point
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| trough | a wave's low point
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| resting point | the position the medium would take if there were no wave
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| wavelength & symbol | measured from a point on one wave to the same point on another wave; the Greek letter lambda
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| wavelength units | meters (m)
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| 3 ways to measure wavelength are: | 1) crest-to-crest
2) trough-to-trough
3) resting point-to-resting point
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| frequency | number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given unit of time
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| units for frequency | hertz (H2) (number of waves per second)
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| wave speed | the time it takes for a wave to move from one point to another
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| wave speed units | meters per second (m/s)
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| wave speed equation | frequency * wavelength (v=f*lambda)
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| medium | A substance that makes possible the transfer of energy from one location to another
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| reflection (and example) | when a wave bounces off a surface; when you look into a mirror, you see yourself because the light waves have been reflected off the surface
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| law of reflection | explains that waves get reflected in a particular way - a wave gets reflected at the same angle as it moved toward the barrier
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| reflected ray | the wave bouncing off something
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| incident ray | the wave moving toward something
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| refraction (and example) | the bending of waves as they travel through different mediums; why your legs look really short when standing in a pool
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| diffraction (and example) | the bending of waves around a barrier or the spreading of waves past small openings; when ocean waves come through a jetty or pier
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| interference | the result of waves colliding with each other
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| constructive interference | when waves collide, they combine to form a larger wave
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| destructive interference | when waves collide, they interfere with each other and cancel each other out
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| absorption | the transfer of energy from a wave to matter as the wave passes through it
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| absorbed colors | the light waves going into an object [colors that absorb more light rays (dark colors), heat up when in light]
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| reflected colors | the light waves being reflected to show different colors
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| electromagnetic spectrum (know order and describe) | the wavelengths and frequency range of electromagnetic waves
- radio waves
- microwaves
- infrared waves
- visible light
- ultraviolet waves (UV rays)
- x-rays
- gamma rays
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| visible light spectrum | colors in the visible spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
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| longitudinal wave | a wave that oscillates in the direction as it moves (sound waves)
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| expansion | the wavelength of longitudinal waves spreading apart
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| compression | the wavelength of longitudinal waves getting closer together
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| intensity (of sound) | how much energy the sound wave carries past a certain area; the amplitude determines the intensity; the closer you are to a sound the higher the intensity and vice versa
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| units of sound | decibels (dB)
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| pitch | our perception of sound wave frequency
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| analog signal | signals that carry info but vary continuously in both amplitude and frequency (much more susceptible to interference)
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| digital signal | signals that send info as wave pulses and communicate only through 1s and 0s, so the form that the info takes is much simpler
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Created by:
2022josk
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