Lange Ch 2

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1. the term valgus refers to

turned outward

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2. demonstration of the posterior fat pad on the lateral projection of the adult elbow can be caused by

greater than 90 degree flexion, trauma or other pathology

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4.the proximal radius and ulna are seen free of superimposition in the following projection

lateral oblique elbow

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5. the female bony pelvis differs from the male bony pelvis in the following ways

the male greater / false pelvis is deep, the male acetabulum faces more laterally

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6. which of the following techniques would provide a PA projection of the gastroduodenal surfaces of a barium filled high and transverse stomach

angle CR 35° - 45° cephalad

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7. All of the following statements regarding respiratory structures are true EXCEPT

the main stem bronchi enters the lung fissure

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8.all of the statements regarding an exact PA projection of the skull are true EXCEPT

the MSP is parallel to the IR

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11. a pacemaker electrode can be introduced through a vein in the chest or upper extremity and advanced to the

right ventricle

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12. which of the following conditions is characterized by flattening of the hemidiaphragms

emphysema

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13. structures located in the right lower quadrant include the following

cecum, vermiform appendix

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14. during an upper GI examination of a stomach of average size and shape, barium filled fundus and double contrast of the pylorus and duodenal bulb are demonstrated. the position used is most likely:

LPO

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15. which of the following articulations participate in formation of the ankle mortise

talotibial, talofibular

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20which of the following is best demonstrated in the AP axial (TOWNE) of the skull, with the CR directed 30' caudad to the orbitomeatal line and passing midway between the eam

occipital bone

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25. which of the following can be used to demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa

Prone, knee flexed 40' CR directed caudad 40' to the popliteal fossa. & supine IR under flexed knee, CR directed cephalad to the knee, pre tibia

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18. the outermost wall of the digestive tract is the

serosa

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19. terms used to describe movement include

plantar flexion and abduct

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20. Which of the following is best demonstrated in the AP axial (towne) of the skull, with the CR directed 30' caudad to the OML and passing midway between the EAM

Occipital bone

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21The RPO position (judet) of the right acetabulum will demonstrate the

anterior rim of the right acetabulum

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23. which of the following positions/projections is used to demonstrate a nearly frontal view of the sternum

RAO

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24. What is the name of the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebra upon the vertebra below it

spondylolisthesis

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26. How should a chest exam to r/o air fluid levels be obtained on a patient with traumatic injuries.

Include a lateral chest exam performed in a dorsal decub position

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27. According to ACR (2017) patients with acute kidney injury or severe CKD or those undergoing arterial catheter study, should adhere to the following guidelines for iodinated contrast medium administrattion

*should temp DC metformin at time or prior to the procedure. *withhold metformin 48h after the procedure. * metformin may be reinstituted only after renal function studies have been re-evaluated and found acceptable

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30. Which of the following serves to avoid adessive metacarpophalangeal joint overlap in the oblique projection of the hand

Oblique hand no more than 45*

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31.Sternoclavicular articulations are likely to be demonstrated in all of the following except

weight bearing

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32. the relationship btw the fx ends of long bones is referred to as

apposition

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33. which of the following positions of the abdomen is obtained with the patient lying supine on the radiographic table and the CR directed horizontally to the iliac crest

dorsal decub position

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34. small amounts of air in the peritoneal cavity can be demonstrated in which of the following positions

lat decub affected side up

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35. which of the following anatomic structures is seen most anteriorly in a lateral projection of the chest

cardiac apex

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36. For an AP projection of the knee on a patient whose measurements from ASIS to tabletop is 21cm which CR direction will best demonstrate the knee joint

0* per

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40.An intrathecal injection is associated with which of the following examinations

Myelogram

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41. which of the following projections can be used to supplement the traditional "open-mouth" projections when the upper portion of the odontoid process cannot be well demostrated

AP or PA through the foramen magnum

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42. the floor of the cranium includes all of the following, except

the occipital bone

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43. a lat projection of the hand in the extension is often recommended to evaluate

a foreign body, soft tissue

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46. Persistent connection between the fetal aorta and pulmonary artery is referred to as

a patent ducts arteriosus

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47. which of the following projections/positions will best demonstrate a subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation

PA oblique scapular Y

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48. Arteries and veins enter and exit the medial aspect of each lung at the

hilus

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49. Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate the axillary ribs of the right thorax

2. LAO 3. RPO

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50. The interspaces between the first and second cuneiforms best demonstrated in which of the following projections

Lateral oblique foot

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51. The sternal angle is at approximately the same level as the

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52. The condition in which an occluded blood vessel stops blood flow to a portion of the lungs is referred to as

pulmonary embolism

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53. To demonstrate esophageal varices, the patient must be examined in

the recumbent position

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55. The tissue that occupies the central cavity of the adult long bone body/shaft is

yellow marrow

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56. All the following structures are associated with the posterior femur, except

intertrochanteric line

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57. the following projection of the ankle best demonstrates the mortise:

medial oblique 15-20 degrees

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59. Which of the following bony landmarks is in the same transverse plane as L2-L3

inferior costal margin

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60. A radiolucent sponge can be placed under the patient's waist for a lateral projection of the lumbosacral spine to

*make the vertebral column parallel with the IR, *place the intervertebral disk spaces perpendicular to the IR

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62. Which of the following is/are distal to the tibial plateau

tibial condyles, tibial tuberosity

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63. Evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the humerus include

lesser tubercle in profile, superimposed epicondyles

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64. Which of the following are mediastinal structures

heart, trachea, esophagus

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65. With the patient in the PA positon, which of the following tube angle and direction combinations is correct for an axial projection of the clavicle

15-30 caudad

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62.which of the following is/are distal to the tibial plateau

tibial condyles and tibial tuberosisty

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63. Evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the hummerus include

lesser tubercle in profile and superimposed epicondyles

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64. Which of the following are mediastinal structures

heart, trachea and esophagus

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65. with the patient in the PA position, which of the following tube angle and direction combinations is correct for an axial projection of the clavicle

15-30* caudad

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66. which of the following fx classifications describe a small, bony fragment pulled from a bony process

avulsion fx

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67.that portion of the humerus which articulates with the ulna to help form the elbow joint is the

trochlea

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68. foot motion cause by turning the ankle outward is termed

eversion

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69. During myelography, contrast medium is introduced into the

Subarachnoid space

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70. the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures is the

bregma

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72. which of the following precautions should be observed when radiographing a patient who has sustained a traumatic injury to the hip

when a fracture is suspected, manipulation of the affected extremity should be performed by a physician. To evaluate the entire region, the pelvis is typically included in the initial examination

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73. the Lumbar vertebral pedicle is represented by which part of the scotty dog. seen in a correctly position oblique lumbar spine

eye

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74. an injury to a structure located on the side opposite that of the primary injury is referred to as

contrecoup

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75. Which of the following places the anatomical points of the hand's third digit in correct order from proximal to distal

carpometacarpal joint, base of metacarpal, metacarpophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, head of middle phalange, distal interphalangeal joint, ungunal tuft

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76. which of the following conditions is limited specifically to the tibial tuberosity

Osgood- schlatter disease

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77. AP stress studies of the ankle may be performed

following inversion or eversion studies. to demonstrate ligament tear

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78. which of the following is/are part of the bony thorax

manubrium and 24 ribs

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79. aspirated foreign bodies in older children and adults are most likely to lodge in the

right main stem bronchus

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82. with the patient seated at the end of the xray table, elbow resting on table and flexed 80*, and the CR directed 45* latwerally from the shoulder to the elbow joint, which of the following structures will be demonstrated best

coronoid process

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83. types of articulations lacking a joint cavity include

fibrous and cartilaginous

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84. the CR is parallel to the intervertebral foramina in the following projections

the lateral thoracic and lumbar spine

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85. the structure located midway between the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic symphysis is the

dome of the acetabulum

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88. Hysterosalpingography may be performed for demonstration of

uterine tubal patency, mass lesions in the uterine cavity, uterine position

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92. the patients chin should be elevated during chest radiography to

avoid superimposition of the apices

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93. that portion of a long bone from which it lengthens/grows is the

metaphysis

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94.medical displacement of a tibial fx would be best demonstrated in the

ap projection

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95. what part of the scotty dig seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine, represents the lumbar transverse process

nose

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97. which of the following positions best demonstrates the proximal tibfib articulation

45* internal rotation

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98. at what level do the carotid arteries bifucate

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99. during a double contrast BE, which of the following positions would afford the best double contrast visualization of the lateral wall of the descending colon and medial wall of the ascending colon

right lateral decubitus

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101. elements of correct positioning for a PA projection of the chest include

weight evenly distributed on feet, elevation of the chin

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102. which of the following conditions is often the result of ureteral obstruction or stricture?

Hydronephrosis

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103. Important considerations for radiographic examinations of traumatic injuries to the upper extremity include

both joints must be included in long bone studies. two views 90* to each other, are required.

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104. all of the following statements regarding large bowel radiography are true except

single contrast studies help to demonstrate intraluminal lesions

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105. In a lateral projection of the normal knee the

fibular head should be somewhat superimposed on the proximal tibia. patellofemoral joint should be visualized. femoral condyles should be superimposed

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106. all elbow fat pads are best demonstrated in which position

lateral

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107.the term used to describe the presence of blood in vomit is

hematemesis

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108. double-contrast examinations of the stomach or large bowel are performed to better visualize the

gastric or bowel mucosa

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109. which position of the shoulder demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially

internal rotation

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111 in which position of the shoulder is the greater tubercle seen superimposed on the humeral head

internal rotation

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114. which of the following articulations may be describe as diarthrotic

condyloid & sellar

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115. which of the following carpals is best demonstrated by ulnar flexion and deviation

lateral carpals & scaphoid

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117. Structures comprising the neutral, or vertebral, arch include

pedicles and laminae

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118. in which type of fracture are the splintered ends of bone forced through the skin

compound

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119. the thoracic zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated with the

midsagittal plane 20* to the IR

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120. which of the following is/are recommended in order to reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR in CR/D$ imaging of the lumbosacral region

close collimation and lead mat on table posterior to the patient

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121. the long flat structures that project posteromedial from the pedicles are

laminae

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122. which type of ileus is characterized by cessation of peristalsis

mechanical

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124. the projection/ method often used to detect carpal canal defect is

tangential projection wrist, gaynor-hart method

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126. which body habitus type is characterized by a short and wide heart and lung area and high transverse stomach

hypersthenic

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127. which of the following should be performed to rule out subluxation or fracture of the cervical spine

horizontal beam lateral

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128. structures located proximal to the carpal bones include

radial styloid process

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129. the following statements regarding the scapular Y projection of the shoulder is/are true

the scapular borders should be superimposed on the humeral shaft, and oblique projection of the shoulder is obtained

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130. the following position is used to demonstrate the lumbar zygapophyseal articulation

30* RPO

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131. the most proximal portion of the pharynx is the

nasopharynx

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132.with the patients head in a PA position and CR directed 20* cephalad, which part of the mandible will be best visualized

rami

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133. During IV urography, the prone position is generally recommended to demonstrate

ureteral filling, and renal pelvis

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134. the plane passing vertically through the body and dividing it into anterior and posterior halves is the

midcoronal plane

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135. To demonstrate profile view of the glenoid fossa, the patient is AP recumbent and oblique 45*

toward the affected side

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137. During an air-contrast BE, in what part of the colon is air most likely to be visualized in the AP recumbent position

transverse colon

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138. Central ray angulation may be required for

foreshortening or self super imposition. superimposition of overlying structures

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139. Which of the following is recommended to better demonstrate the tarsometatarsal joints in a dorsoplantar projection of the foot

angle CR10* posteriorly

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140. Valid evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm require that

the radius and ulna be superimposed distally and the radial tuberosity should face anteriorly

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141. which of the following positions will provide an AP projection of the L5-S1 interspace

patient AP with 30-35* angle cephalad

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142. subject/object unsharpness can result from all of the following, except when

anatomical objects of interest are in the path of the CR

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143. Patient s are instructed to remove all jewelry hair clips, metal prostheses, coins, and credit cards before entering the room for an examination in

MRI

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144. the true lateral position of the skull uses which of the following principles

interpupilary line perpendicular to IR and IOML parallel to the transverse axis of IR

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146. a kyphotic curve is formed by which of the following

sacral vertebrae & thoracic vertebrae

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147. to evaluate the interphalangeal joints in the oblique and lateral positions, the fingers

must be supported parallel to the IR

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148. the portion of long bone where lengthening growth takes place is the

metaphysis

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149. how should a mobile chest examination be performed to demonstrate air fluid levels on a patient seated semi-upright about 70*

with CR parallel to the floor

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150. the ileocecal valve normally is located in the following body regions

right iliac

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151. which of the following is are true regarding radiographic examination of the acromioclavicular joints

the procedure is performed in the erect position. use of the weights can improve demonstration of the joints

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152. A type of cancerous bone tumor occurring in children and young adults and arising from bone marrow

Ewing sarcoma

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153 with the patient recumbent on the x-ray table with the head lower than the feet, the patient is said to be in the

trandelanburg position

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154. the following skull position will demonstrate the cranial base, sphenn

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156. which of the following is/are located on the anterior aspect of the femur

patellar surface

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157. in which of the following tangential axial projections of the patella is complete relaxation of the quadriceps femoris required for an accurate diagnosis

supine flexion 45* (merchant)

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159. which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to evaluate criteria for a PA projection for the lungs

sternal extremities of clavicles are equidistant from vertebral borders. Ten posterior ribs are demonstrated above the diaphragm

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160. in which of the following positions/projections will the talocalcaneal joint be visualized

plantodorsal projection of the os calcis

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161. In the lateral projection of the ankle the

talotibial joint is visualized. tibia and fibula are superimposed.

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163. Al the following positions are likely to be used for both single and double contrast examinations of the large bowel except

right and left lateral decubitus abdomen

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164. with of the following statements regarding the Noorgard method "ball catchers" position is are correct

Bilateral AP oblique hands are obtained. its is used for early detection of rheumatoid arthritis. the hands are oblique about 45* palm up

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165. During asystole, blood flows into the

left ventricle via the bicuspid valve. right ventricle via the tricuspid valve.

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169. with the patient in the PA position and the OML and CR perpendicular to the IR, the resulting image will demonstrate the petrous pyramids

completely within the orbits

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170. when evaluating a PA axial projection of the skull with a 15* caudal angle, the following should be demonstrated

petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits. equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally. symmetrical petrous pyramids

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171. which of the following barium-filled anatomic structures is best demonstrated in the LPO positions

hepatic/right colic flexure

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172. the uppermost portion of the iliac crest is at approximately the same level as the

fourth lumbar vertebra

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173. what is the position of the stomach in a hypersthenic patient

high and horizontal

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174. in the PA axial oblique position of the cervical spine, the structures best seen are

intervertebral foramina nearest the IR

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175. During chest radiography, the act of inspiration

raises the ribs and depresses the abdominal viscera

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176.in the lateral projection of the scapula, the

vertebral and axillary bones are superimposed

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179. The AP axial projection of the cervical spine demonstrates the following

The C3-C7 cervical bodies

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180. With which of the following does the trapezium articulate

first metacarpal

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181. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding PA projection of the Para nasal sinuses

the OML is elevated 15*from the horizontal. The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized

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182. Tracheotomy is an effective technique used to restore breathing when there is

respiratory pathway obstruction above the larynx

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183. During GI radiography, the position of the stomach may vary depending on

the respiratory phase, body habitus and patient position

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184- for which of the following conditions is operative cholangiography a useful tool

patency of the biliary ducts & biliary calculi

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185- for the average patient, the CR for a lateral projection of a barium filled stomach should enter

midway between the midcoronal line and the anterior abdominal surface.

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186. when examining a patient whose elbow is in partial flexion, how should an AP projection be obtained

with humerus parallel to IR, CR perpendicular. with forearm parallel to IR, CR perpendicular.

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187. which of the following is/are appropriate techniques for imaging a patient with a possible traumatic spine injury

maneuver the x-ray tube instead of moving the patient. call for help and use the log rolling method to turn the patient.

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188. which of the following positions is used to demonstrate vertical patellar fractures and the patellofemoral articulation

tangential patella

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191. which of the following examinations is used to demonstrate vesicoureteral reflux

Voiding cystourethrogram

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192. Which of the following should be demonstrated in a true AP projection of the clavicle

Clavicular body, acromioclavicular joint

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193- in which of the following projections is the talofibular joint best demonstrated

medial oblique

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194.Free air in the abdominal cavity is best demonstrated in which of the following

AP projection, left lateral decubitus position

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195.Which of the following sequences correctly describes the path of blood flow as it LEAVES the ventricle

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

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196. Which of the following projections of the elbow will demonstrate the radial head free of ulnar superimposition

lateral oblique

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197. An acromioclavicular separation will be best demonstrated in the following projection

AP erect, both shoulders

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198. Causes of death in 70% of the people older than 65y include

Stroke and heart disease

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199. which of the following is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children

Intussusception

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200. with the patient PA, the MSP centered to the IR, the OML forming a 37* angle with the IR, and the CR perpendicular and exiting the acanthion, which of the following is best demonstrated

facial bones

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201. the inhalation of liquid or solid particles into the nose, throat, or lungs is referred to as

aspiration

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202. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) usually involves

cannulation of the hepatopancreatic ampulla. & introduction of contrast medium into the common bile duct

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203. which of the following is/are associated with a Colle's fracture

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61. Which of the following may be used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint

Scapular Y projection, inferosuperior axial, transthoracic lateral

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