Strategic Family Therapy by Jay Haley emphasizes how symptoms are metaphores
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| Founder | Jay Haley
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| Assumptions | While this therapy focuses on communication styles and hierarchies, it emphasizes symptoms. Symptoms are an unacknowledged way of communicating the need for control in a relationship when there is no other obvious solution. Thus, they are metaphors.
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| Goals | In general, the goal is to alleviate current symptoms through altering a family’s organization or structure. Goals must be specific, concrete, and final, including specific methods for accomplishing them.
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| Metaphoric directives | Since symptoms are often metaphors for deeper problems, tasks can sometimes be given to clients that are metaphors for the way the therapist believes they need to behave in order to alleviate the symptom.
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| Paradoxical directives | Usually used with resistant clients, these are suggestions that ask the family to continue doing the behavior for which they are requesting help. In a sense, therapists are trying to get the family to decide not to do what they have been asked.
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| Ordeal directives | Unpleasant tasks the client must perform whenever a symptom occurs.
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