Missing Vocab
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| Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) | show 🗑
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| show | A variation of the multielement design for comparing the efficiency of instructional procedures. The comparison phase of the design features the alternating application of two or more different teaching methods.
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| show | A method for conducting a component analysis in which components are assessed individually or in combination before the complete treatment package is presented
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| show | Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior; time-filling or interim activities that are induced by schedules of reinforcement during times when reinforcement is unlikely to be delivered
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| show | A three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent-consequent (if A, then B) statement: 1) If A is true, B is true; 2) B is found to be true; 3) therefore, A is true
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| Alternative Schedule (alt) | show 🗑
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| show | An antecedent intervention, implemented independently of occurrences of the problem behavior that usually has clients engage in some effortful for of aerobic activity
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| show | A set of stimuli that share a common relationship
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| show | Forming new stimulus classes with little or no reinforced practice
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| Arbitrary Relations | show 🗑
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| Arbitrary Stimulus Class | show 🗑
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| Artifact | show 🗑
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| show | Provide structure among verbal operants in terms of order, agreement, grouping, and composition of larger units of verbal behavior such as sentences
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| show | Involves supplemental control by an MO related to some aspects of the speaker's primary verbal response
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| Autoclitic Tact | show 🗑
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| Automatic Contingencies | show 🗑
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| Backward Chaining with Leaps Ahead | show 🗑
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| show | A simple and versatile graphic format for summarizing behavioral data; shared most of the line graphs features except that it does not have distinct data points representing successive response measures through time
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| show | A term sometimes used to refer to the experimental reasoning inherent in single-subject experimental designs; entails three elements: prediction, verification, and replication
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| show | An intervention that relies on the participants skill to initially perform all the critical elements of a chain independently, but the chain is then interrupted, so that another behavior can be prompted or emitted
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| show | A contingency that specifies a time interval by which a behavior chain must be completed for reinforcement to be delivered
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| Behavior Chain Tactic | show 🗑
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| show | An itemized list (usually in hierarchical order) that provides descriptions of specific skills and the conditions under which each skill should be observed.
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| show | An interrelated community of contingencies of reinforcement that can be especially powerful, producing substantial and long-lasting behavior changes
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| Behavioral Inflexibility | show 🗑
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| show | The extent in which the researcher convinces herself and others that the data are trustworthy and deserve interpretation
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| Bidirectional Naming (BiN) | show 🗑
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| Bonus Response Cost | show 🗑
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| show | An analysis in which only one or two 5-10 minute sessions are conducted for each condition
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| show | The process of comparing the data produced by a measurement system to a known standard or true value, and when sources of error are found, using that information to correct or improve the measurement system
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| show | If-then relationships (e.g if A, then B; if B, then C) that are a central feature of understanding and doing science
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| show | The change (acceleration or deceleration) in rate of responding over time; based on count per unit of time (rate); expressed as a factor by which responding is accelerating or decelerating (multiplying or dividing)
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| show | A unit of time in which celeration is plotted on a Standard Celeration Chart
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| show | The celeration trend line is measured as a factor by which rate multiplies or divides across the celeration time periods
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| Chained Schedule | show 🗑
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| show | Various methods for linking specific sequences of stimuli and responses to form new performances
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| show | A new member us added to a demonstrated stimulus equivalence class as the result of teaching a new conditional discrimination
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| Class Merger | show 🗑
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| show | A match-to-sample procedure in which not only is the correct comparison choice conditional on the sample stimulus, but the type of consequence delivered is, too; class-specific consequences themselves become members of the equivalence classes
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| show | A term popularized by Pryor (1999) for shaping behavior using conditioned reinforcement in the form of an auditory stimulus such as a handheld device that produces a clicking sound when pressed.
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| show | A type of verbal behavior where the form of the response is under the functional control of a verbal stimulus with point-to-point correspondence, but without formal similarity
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| show | A relation involving two stimuli that both participate in mutual entailment with some common third stimulus
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| Compound Schedule | show 🗑
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| Compound Verbal Discrimination | show 🗑
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| show | A stimulus class whose members share a common set of features
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| Concurrent Chains Design | show 🗑
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| Conditional Discrimination | show 🗑
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| show | The likelihood that a target behavior will occur in a given circumstance
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| show | A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers
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| Conditioned Reflex | show 🗑
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| Confidentiality | show 🗑
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| Conjunctive Schedule (conj) | show 🗑
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| show | A procedure for transferring stimulus control from contrived response prompts to naturally existing stimuli
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| Contextual Control | show 🗑
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| Contextual Stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | A mutually agreed-upon document between parties (e.g., parent and child) describing a contingent relationship between the completion of specified behavior(s) and access to specified reinforcer(s).
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| Contingency Reversal | show 🗑
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| Contingency-Shaped Behavior | show 🗑
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| show | Describes reinforcement (or punishment) that is delivered only after the target behavior has occurred
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| Contingency Space Analysis | show 🗑
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| Contingent Observation | show 🗑
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| Contrived Contingency | show 🗑
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| Contrived Mediating Stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | A simple tally of the number of occurrences of a behavior
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| Countercontrol | show 🗑
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| show | The period of time in which a count of the number of responses emitted is recorded
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| show | A device that automatically draws cumulative records (graphs) that show the rate of response in real time; each time a response is emitted, a pen moves upward across paper that continuously moves at a constant speed
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| show | A relation between the self, as one stimulus, and other stimuli from the external world
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| show | A phenomenon in which delayed rewards, regardless of their significance and magnitude, exert decreasing influence over choice-making behavior as a function of their temporal distance from present circumstances
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| Delayed Multiple Baseline Design | show 🗑
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| Derived Stimulus Relations | show 🗑
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| Descending Baseline | show 🗑
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| Descriptive Functional Behavior Assessment | show 🗑
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| Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates (DRD) | show 🗑
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| Direct Measurement | show 🗑
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| Disciplinary Standards | show 🗑
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| show | Measurement conducted in a manner such that some instances of the response class(es) of interest may not be detected
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| show | An operant that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than under others
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| show | A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer
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| show | A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has been punished and in the absence of which that behavior has not been punished
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| Distinction Relation | show 🗑
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| show | A procedure that prevents the subject and the experimenter(s) from detecting the presence or absence of the treatment variable
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| DRI/DRA Reversal Technique | show 🗑
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| DRO Reversal Technique | show 🗑
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| show | A method for conducting a component analysis in which the investigator presents the treatment package and then systematically removes the components
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| Duplic | show 🗑
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| Elementary Verbal Operants | show 🗑
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| Emergent Stimulus Relations | show 🗑
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| Enriched Environment | show 🗑
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| show | An antecedent intervention that provides noncontingent access to preferred sources of reinforcement (e.g., toys, games, social, and recreational activities)
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| show | A scale in which equal distances on the axis represent equal absolute amounts of the variable plotted on the axis.
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| show | A porobe for the emergence of untrained stimulus-stimulus relations that evaluates both symmetry and transitivity simultaneously
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| Equivalence-Class Formation | show 🗑
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| Errorless Learning | show 🗑
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| Ethical Codes of Behavior | show 🗑
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| Evocative Effect (a motivating operation) | show 🗑
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| show | The percentage of total intervals in which two observers recorded the same count; the most stringent description of IOA for most data sets obtained by event recording
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| Exclusion (training) | show 🗑
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| show | A fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon
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| Extinction-Induced Variablility | show 🗑
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| show | Any aspect of the experimental setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation (e.g., temperature, lighting)
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| show | Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures (e.g., made from wood, four legs, round, blue) or common relative relationships (e.g., bigger than, hotter than, higher than, next to)
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| Fixed-Interval DRO (FI-DRO) | show 🗑
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| Fixed-Momentary DRO (FM-DRO) | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product (a) share the same send mode and (b) physically resemble each other
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| Fraudulent Conduct | show 🗑
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| Free Operant | show 🗑
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| show | A contingency in which responses at any time during an interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus
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| Full-Session DRL | show 🗑
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| Function-Altering Effect (relevant to operant relations) | show 🗑
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| show | Designates responses as members of the targeted response class solely in terms of their common effects on the environment
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| show | Serving the same function or purpose
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| show | A generic term for a variety of behavioral processes and behavior change outcomes
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| Generalization Across Subjects | show 🗑
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| show | Any measurement of a learner's performance of a target behavior in a setting and/or stimulus situation in which direct training has not been provided
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| show | Any place or stimulus situation that differs in some meaningful way from the instructional setting and in which performance of the target behavior is desired
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| show | A behavior change that has not been taught directly
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| show | A term often used when a learner imitates a wide variety of unprompted, untrained, non-reinforced modeled behaviors in different settings and situations
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| show | A behavioral effect whereby previously acquired speaker and listener skills enable or accelerate the acquisition of other speaker and listener skills, without dependence on direct teaching or a history of reinforcement
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| show | A tact evoked by a novel stimulus that shares all of the relevant or defining features associated with the original stimulus
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| Good Behavior Game | show 🗑
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| Graph | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs when a person's repertoire has been changed such that short- and long-term reinforcers are maximized and short- and long- term punishers are minimized
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| show | A multiple-component treatment package for reducing unwanted habits such as fingernail biting and muscle tics
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| Habituation | show 🗑
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| Hero Procedure | show 🗑
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| show | A nested stimulus relation in which a category, subsuming multiple stimuli, is itself a member of a higher-order category subsuming multiple stimuli
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| High-Probability (high-p) Request Sequence | show 🗑
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| show | Development of a conditioned reflex by pairing of a neutral stimulus (NS) with a conditioned stimulus (CS)
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| Higher-Order Operant Class | show 🗑
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| show | An inclusive term referring in general to all of a person's learning experiences and more specifically to past conditioning with respect to particular response classes or aspects of a person's repertoire
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| Hypothetical Construct | show 🗑
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| show | A systematic, research-based set of procedures for teaching a non-imitative learner to imitate models of novel behaviors
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| show | A verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by both an MO and a nonverbal stimulus; thus, the response is part mand and part tact
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| Indirect Functional Assessment | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs when the behavior that is measured is in some way different from the behavior of interest
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| show | A contingency that makes it difficult for the learner to discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement
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| Instructional Setting | show 🗑
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| Intermittent Schedule of Reinforcement (INT) | show 🗑
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| Interrupted Chain Procedure | show 🗑
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| Interval DRL | show 🗑
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| Interval-by-Interval IOA | show 🗑
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| Interview-Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis | show 🗑
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| show | Some verbal stimuli only supplement other more critical antecedents, but nonetheless they play with a causal role in evoking behavior
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| Irreversibility | show 🗑
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| show | A phenomenon in which two separate, but interrelated forms of a person's own verbal behavior, combine to acquire stimulus control of a response that would not have occurred in the absence of either
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| show | A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way from the previous response or a specified number of previous responses
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| show | An analysis in which each session is terminated as soon as a problem behavior occurs
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| Least- to - Most Response Prompts | show 🗑
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| show | A component of some token economy systems in which participants advance up (or down) through a succession of levels contingent on their behavior at the current level
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| Line Graph | show 🗑
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| show | When verbal SD evokes a specific nonverbal behavior, due to a history of reinforcement
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| show | The average rate of response during a smaller period of time within a larger period off which an overall response rate has been given
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| show | A self-directed behavior change technique in which the person forces herself to perform an undesired behavior repeatedly, which sometimes decreases the future frequency of the behavior
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| show | A discrete trial procedure for investigating conditional relations and stimulus equivalence
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| Mean Count-per-Interval IOA | show 🗑
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| Mean Duration-per-Occurance IOA | show 🗑
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| Measurement | show 🗑
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| show | Non-random measurement error; a form of inaccurate measurement in which the data consistently overestimate or underestimate the true value of an event
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| show | A tact evoked by a novel stimulus that shares some, but not all, of the relevant features of the original stimulus
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| show | A philosophical position that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science
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| show | A tact evoked by a novel stimulus that shares none of the relevant features of the original stimulus configuration, but some irrelevant yet related feature has acquired stimulus control
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| Mixed Schedule (mix) | show 🗑
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| Modeling | show 🗑
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| show | A technique of transferring stimulus control in which the practitioner physically guides the participant through the entire performance sequence, and then gradually reduces the level of assistance in successive trials
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| Motor Imitation (relating to sign language) | show 🗑
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| Multielement Design | show 🗑
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| Multiple Baseline Across Behaviors Design | show 🗑
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| Multiple Baseline Across Setting Design | show 🗑
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| show | A multiple baseline design in which the treatment variable is applied to the same behavior of two or more subjects in the same setting
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| show | There are two types of multiple control
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| show | A variation of the multiple baseline design that features intermittent measures, or probes, during baseline
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| Multiple Schedule (mult) | show 🗑
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| Multiple Treatment Interference | show 🗑
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| Multiple Treatment Reversal Design | show 🗑
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| show | A bidirectional stimulus relation in which one direction is directly learned and the other is derived
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| Naive Observer | show 🗑
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| Naturally Existing Contingency | show 🗑
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| Negligence | show 🗑
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| show | A stimulus change that does not elicit respondent behavior
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| show | A stimulus set that must be held in common across a minimum of two conditional discriminations to provide a basis for all equivalence properties
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| Non-Equivalence Relations | show 🗑
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| Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR) Reversal Technique | show 🗑
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| Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Across Participant Design | show 🗑
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| show | As a philosophy and principle, the belief that people with disabilities should, to the maximum extent possible, be physically and socially integrated into the mainstream of society regardless of the degree of type of disability
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| Observed Value | show 🗑
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| Observer Reactivity | show 🗑
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| Overall Response Rate | show 🗑
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| Overselective Stimulus Control | show 🗑
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| Overshadowing | show 🗑
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| Partition Time-Out | show 🗑
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| Percentage | show 🗑
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| Perspective Shifting | show 🗑
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| Pivotal Behavior | show 🗑
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| Placebo Control | show 🗑
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| show | A variation of momentary time sampling in which the observer records whether each person in a group is engaged in the target behavior at specific points in time
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| Planned Ignoring | show 🗑
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| Point-to-Point Correspondence | show 🗑
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| show | Improvements in performance resulting from opportunities to perform a behavior repeatedly so that baseline measures can be obtained
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| show | A philosophical position asserting that the truth value of a statement is determined by how well it promotes effective action
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| show | An instructional approach that involves pinpointing the skills to be learned
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| Principle of Behavior | show 🗑
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| Private Events | show 🗑
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| Procedural Fidelity | show 🗑
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| Programming Common Stimuli | show 🗑
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| show | A variation of a fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement that increases the ratio requirements incrementally within the session
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| show | A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual's behavior
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| Progressive Time Delay | show 🗑
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| Range-Bound Changing Criterion Design | show 🗑
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| show | A scale in which equal distances on a graphs axis correspond to equal ratios of change in the variable plotted on the axis
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| show | Effects of an observation and measurement procedure on the behavior being measured
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| Recombinative Generalization | show 🗑
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| show | The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence
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| Reflex | show 🗑
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| show | A stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement
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| Reflexivity | show 🗑
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| show | A decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operations
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| Reinforcer-Establishing Effect (of a motivating operation) | show 🗑
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| Relational Frame | show 🗑
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| show | A theory of derived stimulus relations proposing that stimulus relations are inherently verbal and that accumulated experience with relational exemplars creates generalized repertoires of relating
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| Relevance of Behavior Rule | show 🗑
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| show | Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity
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| Research Question | show 🗑
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| show | The repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (US)
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| Response Differentiation | show 🗑
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| show | A procedural variation of response blocking that involves interrupting stereotypic behavior at its onset and redirecting the individual to complete high probability behavior instead
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| show | Prompts that operate directly on the response to cue a correct response
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| Response-Deprivation Hypothesis | show 🗑
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| Restraint | show 🗑
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| show | Refers to the reoccurrence of a previously reinforced behavior when reinforcement for an alternative behavior is terminated or decreased and to the three-phase procedure that produces the effect
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| Risk-Benefit Analysis | show 🗑
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| Scatterplot | show 🗑
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| show | A procedure for recording the extent to which a target behavior occurs more often at particular times than others
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| show | A rule specifying the environmental arrangements and response requirements for reinforcement
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| Score-Interval IOA | show 🗑
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| Selection by Consequences | show 🗑
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| Selection-Based Verbal Behavior | show 🗑
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| Selectionism | show 🗑
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| show | Contingency contract that a person makes with himself or herself incorporating a self-selected task and reward as well as personal monitoring of task completion and self-delivery of the reward
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| show | Skinner (1953) conceptualized self-control as a two-response phenomenon: the controlling response affects variables in such a way as to change the probability of the controlled response
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| show | A person's ability to "delay gratification" by emitting a response that will produce a larger delayed reward over a response that produces a smaller but immediate rewards
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| show | A procedure in which a person compares her performance of a target behavior with a predetermined goal or standard
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| show | Self-generated verbal responses, covert or overt, that function as rules or response prompts for a desired behavior
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| show | The personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior
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| show | A procedure whereby a person systematically observes his behavior and records the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a target behavior
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| Semilogarithmic Chart | show 🗑
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| show | A procedure by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence
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| Sequence Effects | show 🗑
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| Setting/Situation Generalization | show 🗑
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| Simple Discrimination | show 🗑
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| Simple Verbal Discrimination | show 🗑
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| Simple-to-Complex Testing Protocol | show 🗑
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| show | A contingency in which an antecedent stimulus and/or the consequence for the behavior is presented by another person
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| Solistic (tact) Extension | show 🗑
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| show | A procedure for implementing DRL in which reinforcement follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time
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| show | Responding jointly to two stimuli on the basis of their juxtaposition in space
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| Standard Celeration Chart | show 🗑
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| Steady State Responding | show 🗑
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| Steady State Strategy | show 🗑
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| Stimulus | show 🗑
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| Stimulus Blocking | show 🗑
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| Stimulus Discrimination | show 🗑
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| Stimulus Fading | show 🗑
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| Stimulus Generalization Gradient | show 🗑
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| show | Prompts that operate directly on the antecedent task stimuli to cue a correct response in conjunction with the critical Sd
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| show | Refers to two different forms of stimulus control that can result from a match-to-sample procedure involving one sample stimulus and two comparison stimuli
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| Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing | show 🗑
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| Surrogate Conditioned Motivating Operation (CMO-S) | show 🗑
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| Symmetry | show 🗑
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| Systematic Desensitization | show 🗑
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| Tact Extension | show 🗑
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| Taking Dictation | show 🗑
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| show | A schedule of reinforcement identical to the chained schedule except, like the mix schedule, the tandem schedule does not use discriminative stimuli with the elements in the chain
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| show | Randomly varying functionally irrelevant stimuli within and ross teaching sessions
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| show | Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time; one of the three dimensional quantities of behavior from which all behavioral measurements are derived
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| show | Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events (i.e., when in time behavior occurs can be measured)
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| show | Responding jointly to two stimuli on the basis of their juxtaposition in time
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| Time Delay | show 🗑
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| Topography-Based Definition | show 🗑
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| show | A category of verbal behavior in which the listener is affected by a specific response topography emitted by the speaker
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| Total Count IOA | show 🗑
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| Total Duration IOA | show 🗑
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| show | Refers to dimensions of procedural arrangements when teaching multiple conditional discriminations
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| show | Occurs when teaching a new function for one member of an established equivalence class results in the same function holding for all members of the class
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| show | Occurs when the behavioral function of one stimulus in a stimulus class changes as a predictable function of the behavior function of other stimuli in the class
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| Transitive Conditioned Motivating Operation (CMO-T) | show 🗑
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| Transitivity | show 🗑
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| Treatment Drift | show 🗑
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| show | A behavioral intervention consisting of multiple components (e.g., contingent praise, tokens, and extinction)
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| Trial-Based Functional Analysis | show 🗑
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| show | An IOA index for discrete trial data based on comparing the observers' counts (0 or 1) on a trial-by-trial, or item-by-item basis
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| show | A measure accepted as a quantitative description of the true state of some dimensional quantity of an event as it exists in nature
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| show | A special form of event recording; a measure of the number of responses or practice opportunities needed for a person to achieve a pre-established level of accuracy or proficiency
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| Type I Error | show 🗑
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| show | An error that occurs when a researcher concludes that the independent variable had no effect on the dependent variable, when in truth it did
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| show | Occurs when, in the case of a two-step chain, the second behavior in the chain (r2) produces reinforcement in the presence of the prior SD (s2) , but (r2) also produces reinforcement when that SD is not present. Unchaining may weaken a chain
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| show | A motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history
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| show | A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as a result of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny); no prior learning is involved
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| show | An unlearned stimulus response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus (e.g., food in mouth) that elicits the response (e.g., salivation)
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| show | Two kinds: (a) the occurrence alone of a stimulus that acquired its function by being paired with an already effective stimulus, or (b) the occurrence of the stimulus in the absence as well as in the presence of the effective stimulus
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| Unscored-Interval IOA | show 🗑
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| Value-Altering Effect (of a motivating operation) | show 🗑
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| show | Data points that do not consistently fall within a narrow range of values and do not suggest any clear trend
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| show | A DRO procedure in which reinforcement is available at the end of intervals of variable duration and delivered contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during the interval
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| Variable-Momentary DRO (VM-DRO) | show 🗑
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| show | A type of convergent multiple control involving a verbal stimulus that alters the evocative effects of another verbal stimulus in the same antecedent configuration
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| show | An interaction between a speaker and a listener
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| show | Verbal stimuli can alter the functional effects of immediate or future SDs and MOs and, accordingly, change a listener's behavior
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| Video Modeling | show 🗑
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| Video Self-Modeling | show 🗑
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| Withdrawl Design | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
cbarrow13