Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is graded potentials? | Small, brief, local changes in membrane potential that act as short distance signals. The current produced dissipates w/ distance
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| The term Central Nervous System refers to the | brain and spinal cord
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| ____ is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheths of neurons in the CNS, particularly in young adults | Multiple Sclerosis
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| What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system? | cranial and spinal nerves
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| How would you describe serial processing? | One neuron stmulates the next in sequence, producing specific, predictable responses, as in spinal reflexes.
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| Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. What are the different groups and what is characteristic of each? | sensory neurons - conduct impulses toward CNSmotor neurons - conduct away from CNSintern neurons (association) - lie between sensory and motor neurons in the neural pathways.
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| action potential | a large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber.
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| Depolarization | loss of a state of polarity; loss or reduction of negative membrane potential.
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| absolute refractory period | period following stimulation during which no additional action potential can be evoked
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| relative refractory period | follows the absolute refractory period, intercal when a threshold for action potential stimulation is markedly elevated.
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| repolarization | movement of the membrane potential to the initial resting (polarized) state.
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| norepinephrine | a catecholamine neurotranmitter and adrenal medullary hormone, associated with sympathetic nervous system activation.
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| What are special characteristics of neurons? | They have extreme longevity, they are amitotic(control every function of the body),high metabolic rate and require continuous and abdunant supplies of oxygen and glucose.
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| Ependymal celss function to | create chroid plexus/play an active role in moving cerebrspinal fluid
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| An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerbe cell via the | synapse
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| the sheath of Schwann is also called the | neurilemma
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| the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called an | axon
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| Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS are called | ganglia
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| a neuron that has as its rimary function the job of concerning other neurons is called an | association neuron
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| receptive region | dendrites
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| trigger zone | a specific area that when stimulated by touch,pain,or pressure excites an attack of neurologic
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| reverberating circuit | a circular circuit that returns a signal to its source
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| converging circuit | signs from many neurons are sent on to just a few
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| diverging circuit | signs from one neuron sent out to many others
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| Substance P | short-chain polypeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter.
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| A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until | the refractory period
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| In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is | lower
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| That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles in the ______nervous system | somatic
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| A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is call a | node of Ranvier
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| The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the | electrical synapse
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| When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is call | spatial summation
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| define neurotransmitter | "language" of the nervous system; each neuron communicates with others to process and send messages to the rest of the body.
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| What symptoms would a nurse focus on in his or her care of a patient with multiple sclerosis? | muscle or motor symptoms, visual symptoms, and sensory symptoms
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