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Fund Q4 U8-9

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Question
Answer
show Referred pain—appears to arise in different areas, pain that is felt at a place in the body different from the injured or diseased part where the pain would be expected  
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show pain arising from organs or hollow visceral, being perceived in an area remote from the organ causing pain  
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Transcendence   show
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show follows damage and/or sensitization of peripheral nerves (phantom limb pain)  
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Etiology of pain: Central   show
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show abnormal connections between pain fibers (edema)  
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show the lowest intensity of stimulation at which pain is experienced  
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Pain tolerance   show
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Hyperalgesia and Hyperpathia   show
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Allodynia   show
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show an unpleasant sensation which may resemble prickling, itching, burning, or electrical shock  
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Stages of Nicoception   show
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show Tissue Damage, release of chems (prostaglandins), they release stimulate pain receptors (nociceptors), painful stimuli causes movement of ions across cell membranes. NSAIDS work well at this stage by blocking prostaglandins and dec movement of ions.  
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show pain impulse to spinal cord, pain quality depends on C (dull) or A (sharp) pain, opiods work well in this phase which stops the pain at the spinal level  
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show Brain signals back with the release of opioids, serotonin and nerepinephrine. Antidepressants work well at this stage.  
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show client becomes aware of pain, non-pharmalogical methods work well.  
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Gate theory of pain   show
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show COLDERR Character, Onset, Location, Duration, Exacerbation, Relief and Radiation  
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Pain management   show
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show is administration of analgesics prior to an invasive procedures in order to treat pain before it occurs  
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World Health Organization three step approach   show
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Equianalgesic dosing   show
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show medication that is not classified as a pain medication (antidepressants)  
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Nonpharmacologic invasive therapies   show
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Types of opioids   show
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show bind tightly to receptor sites (morphine)  
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Mixed agonist-antagonist   show
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show have a ceiling effect in contrast to full agonist, codein, tramadol.  
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PCA   show
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show Administering opioid with nonopioid analgesics for severe pain experiences  
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show Offer the client a pain scale to objectify the information  
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show Deep visceral  
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show Anticipatory teaching  
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Nurses working with clients in pain need to recognize and avoid common misconceptions and myths about pain. In regards to the pain experience, which of the following is correct?   show
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show An expected assessment finding of a client experiencing acute pain would be diaphoresis due to sympathetic nerve stimulation.  
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show Explanation: With a PCA system, the client controls medication delivery.  
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show The gate theory suggests that cutaneous stimulation activates larger, faster-transmitting A-beta sensory nerve fibers.decreases pain transmission thru small-diameter A-delta and C fibers. A back massage is nursing inte based on the gate-control theory.  
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show To determine the quality of the client’s pain the nurse might say, “What does your discomfort feel like?” It is more accurate to have clients describe the pain in their own words whenever possible.  
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The nurse recognizes opiods are used to contol pain at this process of nociception.   show
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show Can occur due to excessive fluid intake.  
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show difficulty or pain in urinating  
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A client in the hospital has an indwelling urinary catheter, and the nurse is instructing the nursing assistant in the appropriate care to provide. The nurse teaches the assistant to:   show
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show An expected change in bowel elimination is decreased chewing and decreased salivation, resulting in less efficient mastication.  
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A client with an excessive alcohol intake has a reduced amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The nurse anticipates the client will exhibit:   show
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show Excess loss of colonic fluid due to diarrhea can result in serious fluid and electrolyte or acid-base imbalances. Infants and older adults are particularly susceptible to associated complications.  
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show Missed specimens make the whole collection inaccurate. The test must be restarted.  
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The nurse is visiting the client who has a nursing diagnosis of “Alteration in urinary elimination; retention”. On assessment, the nurse anticipates that this client will exhibit:   show
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Diaphoresis   show
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What is ileus   show
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Minimum kidney filtration rate   show
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show male 6-8, femaile 1.5 infections  
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show voiding scant amts, less than 500 mL/24 hours Less urination than normal  
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show voiding less than 100 mL/24 hours. Anuria means nonpassage of urine  
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Incontenence   show
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show if below 30 cc/hour, may indicate low blood volume or kidney failure  
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show promote at least 1500 mL per day, and 2000-3000 mL to prevent UTI  
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S/S of Acute pain   show
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S/S of Chronic pain   show
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Etiology of pain: Neuropathic   show
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Nociceptors   show
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