test 3
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| population | A _______ is the aggregate of all the elements that share some common set of characteristics, and that comprise the universe for the purpose of the marketing research problem.
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| census | A ______ involves a complete enumeration of the elements of a population.
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| sample | A ________, on the other hand, is a subgroup of the population selected for participation in the study.
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| parameter | A _______ is a summary description of a fixed characteristic or measure of the target population.
A parameter denotes the true value which would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was undertaken.
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| statistic | A _______ is a summary description of a characteristic or measure of the sample. The sample statistic is used as an estimate of the population parameter.
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| target population | is the collection of elements or objects that possess the information sought by the researcher
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| element | is the object about which or from which the information is desired
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| sampling unit | is an element, or a unit containing the element, that is available for selection at some stage of the sampling process.
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| extent | refers to the geographical boundaries.
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| Defining the target population | involves translating the marketing research problem into a precise statement of who should or should not be included in the sample
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| Convenience sampling | attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements. Often, respondents are selected because they happen to be in the right place at the right time
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| Judgmental sampling | is a form of convenience sampling in which the population elements are selected based on the judgment of the researcher.
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| quota sampling | a non probability which may be viewed as a two stage restricted judgemental sampling. ex. 50% male 50% female
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| sample frame | it's a list of potential participants
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| sample frame error | the list may not be updated (list is outdated)
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| snowball sampling | an initial group of respondents is selected, usually at random. 1 person starts to turn into more people
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| simple random sampling | each element in the population has a known and equal probability of selection.
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| systematic sampling | the sample is chosen by selecting a random starting point and then picking every ith element in succession from the sampling frame.
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| Stratified sampling | is a two-step process in which the population is partitioned into subpopulations, or strata.
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| cluster sampling | the target population is first divided into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulations, or clusters
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| cluster | each _________is heterogeneous in the inside but homogenous on the outside
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| strata | elements within a _______ is homogenous but heterogenous on the outside
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| geography | you build clusters around __________
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| returning to the field | The questionnaires with unsatisfactory responses may be ___________, where the interviewers recontact the respondents
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| Assigning Missing Values | If returning the questionnaires to the field is not feasible, the editor may ___________ to unsatisfactory responses.
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| discarding Unsatisfactory Respondents | In this approach, the respondents with unsatisfactory responses are simply discarded.
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| coding | means assigning a code, usually a number, to each possible response to each question.
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| data cleaning | if someone missed a question, dont just throw away the question. plug in a 99
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| codebook | contains coding instructions and the necessary information about variables in the data set
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| what are the non probability techniques | convinience, judgmental, quota, and snowball
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| what are the probability techniques | simple random, systematic, stratified ,and cluster
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| simple random | which sampling Difficult to construct
sampling frame; expensive
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| snowball | which sampling is time consuming
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| statistical sampling | which sampling Can increase
representativeness;
easier to implement
than SRS; sampling
frame not needed
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| cluster sampling | which sampling is Easy to implement;
cost effective
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Created by:
sanchezdaniel