Body Types, Anatomy, Bones, GI Exams, etc.
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| Asthenic | body is slender and light, bony framework is delicate, long narrow thoraxis smaller in the extreme, with a long thorax; a very long, almost pelvic stomach; and a low medial gallbladder. The colon is medial and redundant
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| Hyposthenic | somewhat lighter, less robust than Sthenic, similar to asthenic but stomach, intestines and gallbladder are situated higher in abdomen
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| Sthenic | most predominant type, athletic build, average, similar to hypersthenic but modified by elongation of abdomen and thorax
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| Hypersthenic | the very large individual with short, wide heart and lungs; high transverse stomach and gallbladder; and peripheral colon
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| With the AP oblique projections (RPO and LPO positions), which kidney is perpendicular and which kidney is parallel | the kidney that is farther away is placed parallel to the IR, and the kidney that is closer is placed perpendicular to the IR.
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| The lateral C-spine demonstrates | apophyseal joints, intervertebral disk spaces, and spinous processes
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| The stomach is normally angled | with the fundus lying posteriorly
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| What is the position of the the body, pylorus, and duodenum | inferior to the fundus and angled anteriorly
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| The posterior oblique positions (LPO and RPO) of the lumbar vertebrae demonstrate the apophyseal joints | closest to the IR.
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| The Lateral L-Spine best demonstrates | the intervertebral disk spaces, intervertebral foramina, and spinous processes
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| 45 degree oblique of L-Spine demonstrates | Apophyseal Joints
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| The thoracic apophyseal joints are | 70° to the MSP and are demonstrated in a steep (70°) oblique position
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| Lateral T-spine best demonstrates | intervertebral disk spaces and intervertebral foramina
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| Ampiarthrotic joint | partially movable joint
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| Synarthrotic joints | are immoveable
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| What groups of organs/structures are located in the left upper quadrant | are the fundus of the stomach, the left kidney and suprarenal gland, and the splenic flexure
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| The tangential ("sunrise") projection is used to demonstrate | the articular surfaces of the femur and patella. *****It is also used to demonstrate vertical fractures of the patella.
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| The AP oblique projection (medial rotation) of the elbow | superimposes the radial head & neck on the proximal ulna. It shows the olecranon process w/in the olecranon fossa, also projects coronoid process free of superimposition.
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| The radial head is projected free of superimposition | in the AP oblique projection (lateral rotation) of the elbow
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| Free air in the abdominal cavity is best visualized when the patient is | left lateral decubitus or erect AP
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| A dorsal decubitus projection of the chest may be used to evaluate | small amounts of fluid in the posterior chest
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| How is the Dorsal Decubitus position obtained | with the patient supine and the x-ray beam directed horizontally
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| The RAO position in an Upper GI series best demonstrates | pyloric canal and duodenal bulb along with; the barium-filled esophagus, projecting it between the vertebrae and the heart
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| The recumbent AP with slight left oblique best demonstrates | a double contrast of the pylorus and duodenum
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| Parts of Sternum | Manubrium most proximal part(4 sides), Body or Gladiolus middle portion, Xiphoid Process or Ensiform most distal
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| Thoracic Cavity is lined by | serous membranes called pleura
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| Two Pleura walls | parietal (outer), visceral (inner). Parietal lines the thoracic cavity. Visceral is reflected over the surface of the lungs and projects between the fissures
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| When examining ribs, in oblique positions which portion will be demonstrated | which ever side is closest to film.
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| To demonstrate the ap oblique projection of the SI Joints | the affected side must be elevated 25 degrees
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| AP oblique SI Joint places the joint | perpendicular to IR and parallel to CR.
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| Anterior oblique projections of a Upper GI study will open up which flexure and colon | The flexure and colon closest to the film
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| Posterior oblique projections of a Upper GI study will open up which flexure and colon | the flexure and colon furthest from the film
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| Articular facets form | Apophyseal Joints
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| Intervertebral joints are well visualized in | the lateral projections of all the vertebral groups
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| Male pelvis | • Heavy and thick general structure • Greater, or false, pelvis is deep • Pelvis brim, or inlet, is small and heart-shaped • Acetabulum is large and faces laterally • Pubic angle is less than 90° • Ilium is more vertical
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| Female pelvis | • Light and thin general structure • Greater, or false, pelvis is shallow • Pelvis brim, or inlet, is large and oval • Acetabulum is small and faces anteriorly • Pubic angle is more than 90° • Ilium is more horizontal
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| Vertebral groups that form Lordotic curves | Cervical and Lumbar
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| Vertebral groups that form Kyphotic curves | Thoracic and Sacral
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| With oral administration, barium sulfate suspension would first pass through | the upper GI tract—mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach (fundus, body, pylorus), small bowel (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large bowel (cecum, ascending colon, right colic/hepatic flexure), transverse colon, left colic/splenic flexure, & desc colon, sigmoid
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| Intervertebral Foramina are formed by | vertebral notches of the pedicles.
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| A single-contrast examination demonstrates | the anatomy and contour of the large bowel, as well as anything that may project out from the bowel wall eg, diverticula
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| The articular facets (apophyseal joints) of the L5–S1 articulation form | a 30° angle with the MSP; they are therefore well demonstrated in a 30° oblique position
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| Which of the following sequences correctly describes the path of blood flow as it leaves the left ventricle | Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
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| The contraction and expansion of arterial walls in accordance with forceful contraction and relaxation of the heart is called | pulse
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| Performance of the Valsalva maneuver fill | the larynx and trachea with air, which is well demonstrated on soft tissue study
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