from EK ch 9
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| ___________________ and ________________________ nerves are two largest nerves that exit _________________________ plexus | .
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| Femoral nerve innervates most of hip _______________ and all of knee ________________ | .
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| Obturator nerve innervates primarily hip ______________________ muscles | .
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| _________________________, composed of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve | .
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| Tibial portion innervates most _____________________ muscles and extensor head of_______________________. | .
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| Common peroneal portion innervates remaining hamstring—_______________________and a number of muscles important to ________________ function | .
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| Other nerves from _______________________ plexus innervate gluteal muscles, tensor fasciae latae, and five of six short external rotator muscles | .
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| These nerves are largely named for _________________________ | .
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| Actively anteriorly tilting pelvis is created by force-couple involving __________________muscles and _______________________ | .
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| This interaction is similar to "push and pull" when turning a steering wheel; the erector spinaemuscles pull _______ at same time hip flexors pull __________ | upward/downward
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| Hip flexor muscles are used for variety of activities that are dependent on stabilization provided by ________________ | abdominal muscles
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| With weakened abdominal muscles, attempts at flexing extended leg often result in unwanted _________________________ pelvic tilt and excessive lumbar _____________________ | .
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| Posterior pelvic tilt is produced by a force-couple created by ___________________ muscles and hip ___________________________ | .
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| Posterior pelvic tilt ________________________ lordosis in lumbar spine | .
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| Activities such as running or jumping can require immense hip extension torques; position of ______________ elongates hip extensors, better enabling them to produce large forces | hip flexion
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| Many hip _______________________ muscles are converted to extensors when hip is in flexed position | .
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| Like switching gears in a car, position of hip flexion strongly engages available _________of numerous hip muscles | extension torque
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| Hip abductor muscles play critical role in controlling pelvis within _______plane while walking | frontal
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| During stance phase of gait, hip _______muscles of stance leg must hold pelvis__________ | abductor - level
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| As hip abductor muscles stabilize pelvis, they also create _________________________________, relevant to treating someone with an unstable or ___________hip joint | painful
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| Therapeutic measures (principles of joint protection) are often employed to _______________ large forces crossing a painful or weakened hip | .
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| One way to protect hip is to use cane in hand ________________________ affected hip | .
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| Cane is often used to _______________________ force production requirements of hip abductors, reducing _______________ that may further injure joint | opposite - compressive forces
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| By using cane in hand opposite affected hip, pelvis can be held _______ | level
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| Most obvious function of adductor muscles is to adduct ________, e.g., accelerating lower extremity across midline to kick soccer ball | femur
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| From a closed-chain perspective, this muscle group can also rapidly lower___________side of pelvis | .
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| Adductors accelerate lower extremity toward ball, adding force by actively lowering _____________ of | right side
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| Regardless of hip position, extensor head of ____________________________ is an extensor | .
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| Remaining hip adductors can function as _____________________ or __________________, depending on hip position, and can flexion and extension torque | .
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| Switching from flexion to extension may explain adductors' susceptibility to injuries while_____________________ | .
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| Six Short External Rotator Muscles: | piriformis - obturator int. - obturator ext. - quadratus femoris - gemellus sup. - gemellus inf.
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| Hip has ________________________ internal rotators, but several ___________________ internal rotators that help change direction of the advancing limb and balance force of other ____________muscles | - flexor
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| Secondary internal rotators include anterior fibers of ___________________and_______________,_______________,__________________,______________. | glut. med. - glut.min. - tensor fasciae latae, adductor longus, and adductor brevis
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| Angle of inclination: | Frontal plane angle created btwn femoral neck and shaft
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