holt modern chem ch5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| actinide | one of the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 (thorium, Th)
through 103 (lawrencium, Lr)
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| alkali metal | one of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table (lithium,
sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium)
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| alkaline-earth metal | one of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table
(beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)
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| anion | a negative ion
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| atomic radius | one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that
are bonded together
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| cation | a positive ion
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| electron affinity | the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by
a neutral atom
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| electronegativity | a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons OR a measure of pull between to atoms for electrons
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| halogen | one of the elements of Group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine,
and astatine)
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| ion | an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative
charge
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| ionization | any process that results in the formation of an ion
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| ionization energy | the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral
atom of an element
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| lanthanide | one of the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 (cerium, Ce)
to 71 (lutetium, Lu)
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| main-group element | an element in the s-block or p-block
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| periodic law | the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic
functions of their atomic numbers
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| periodic table | an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers
so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group
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| transition element | one of the d-block elements that is a metal, with typical metallic properties
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| valence electron | an electron that is available to be lost, gained, or shared in the
formation of chemical compounds
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| What is the most reactive nonmetal? | Fluorine, F
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| What is the most reactive metal? | Fracium, Fm
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| The most nonreactive group of elements are the __________. | Noble Gases
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| Periods run | horizontally
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| Groups run | vertically
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| In the modern periodic table, elements are ordered according to | increasing atomic number
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| Who created the first periodic table? | Medeleev
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| The first periodic table was ordered according to | increasing atomic mass
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| What is atomic mass? | the weighted average of natural occurring isotopes
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| Who discovered atomic number? | Henry Mosely
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| Group and Period Trends: Atomic radii within a family | increases (number of electrons increases)
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| Group and Period Trends: Atomic radii within a period | decreases (Protons are added; stronger pull toward nucleus)
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| Group and Period Trends: Ionization energy within a family becomes | smaller (easier to take electron from bigger atoms because there are more shells)
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| Group and Period Trends: Ionization energy within a period becomes | harder (more difficult from non-metals and going to noble gases which are "perfect")
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| Do metals or nonmetals have a greater affinity for electrons? | nonmetals
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| Do large atoms or small atoms have a greater electron affinity? | small atoms
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| In chemistry, less energy means | greater stability
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| High electron affinity means | low energy
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| Group and Period Trends: Electronegativity within a group | decreases
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| Group and Period Trends: Electronegativity within a period | increases (toward fluorine)
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| Which element has the highest electronegativity? | fluorine
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| Metals tend to form ______ ions, while nonmetals tend to form _______ ions. | positive; negative
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| Cations tend to be _____ then it's neutral atom, while anions tend to be _______ then it's neutral atom. | smaller; bigger
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| Types of bonds are determined by | electronegativity
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