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holt modern chem ch5

QuestionAnswer
actinide one of the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 (thorium, Th) through 103 (lawrencium, Lr)
alkali metal one of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium)
alkaline-earth metal one of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)
anion a negative ion
atomic radius one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
cation a positive ion
electron affinity the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom
electronegativity a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons OR a measure of pull between to atoms for electrons
halogen one of the elements of Group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine)
ion an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge
ionization any process that results in the formation of an ion
ionization energy the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element
lanthanide one of the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 (cerium, Ce) to 71 (lutetium, Lu)
main-group element an element in the s-block or p-block
periodic law the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
periodic table an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group
transition element one of the d-block elements that is a metal, with typical metallic properties
valence electron an electron that is available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds
What is the most reactive nonmetal? Fluorine, F
What is the most reactive metal? Fracium, Fm
The most nonreactive group of elements are the __________. Noble Gases
Periods run horizontally
Groups run vertically
In the modern periodic table, elements are ordered according to increasing atomic number
Who created the first periodic table? Medeleev
The first periodic table was ordered according to increasing atomic mass
What is atomic mass? the weighted average of natural occurring isotopes
Who discovered atomic number? Henry Mosely
Group and Period Trends: Atomic radii within a family increases (number of electrons increases)
Group and Period Trends: Atomic radii within a period decreases (Protons are added; stronger pull toward nucleus)
Group and Period Trends: Ionization energy within a family becomes smaller (easier to take electron from bigger atoms because there are more shells)
Group and Period Trends: Ionization energy within a period becomes harder (more difficult from non-metals and going to noble gases which are "perfect")
Do metals or nonmetals have a greater affinity for electrons? nonmetals
Do large atoms or small atoms have a greater electron affinity? small atoms
In chemistry, less energy means greater stability
High electron affinity means low energy
Group and Period Trends: Electronegativity within a group decreases
Group and Period Trends: Electronegativity within a period increases (toward fluorine)
Which element has the highest electronegativity? fluorine
Metals tend to form ______ ions, while nonmetals tend to form _______ ions. positive; negative
Cations tend to be _____ then it's neutral atom, while anions tend to be _______ then it's neutral atom. smaller; bigger
Types of bonds are determined by electronegativity
Created by: coolkidale
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