Properties of Matter
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| atom | the smallest particle of an element that has all of the element's chemical properties
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| Brownian motion | the haphazard movement of tiny particles suspended in a gas or liquid that results from their bombardment by the fast-moving atoms or molecules of the gas or liquid
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| electron | a negatively charged particle that whizzes about within an atom
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| atomic nucleus | the core of an atom, consisting of two basic subatomic particles- protons & neutrons
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| neutron | an electrically neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom
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| proton | a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
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| element | a pure substance that consists of only one kind of atom
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| atomic number | designates the identity of an element; the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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| periodic table of elements | a chart that lists the elements in horizontal rows by their atomic number & in vertical columns by their similar electron arrangements & chemical properties
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| ion | an electrically charged atom; an atom with an excess or deficiency of electrons
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| isotopes | atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons
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| atomic mass unit (amu) | the standard unit of atomic mass, which is equal to 1/12 the mass of the most common atom carbon
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| compound | a material in which atoms of different elements are chemically bonded to one another
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| mixture | a substance whose components are mixed together without combining chemically
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| molecule | two or more atoms that bond together by a sharing of electrons
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| antimatter | a "complementary" form of matter composed of atoms that have negative nuclei & positive electrons
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| dark matter | unseen & unidentified matter that is evidenced by its gravitational pull on stars & galaxies
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| atomic bonding | the linking together of atoms to form larger structures, including solids
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| density | the mass of a substance per unit volume
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| elasticity | the property of a material by which it changes shape when a deforming force acts on it & returns to its original shape when the force is removed
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| Hooke's Law | the amount of stretch or compression of an elastic material is directly proportional to the applied force
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| scaling | the study of how size affects the relationships among weight, strength, & surface area
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| pressure | the ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed
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| buoyant force | the net upward force that a fluid exerts on an immersed object
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| Archimedes' Principle | an immersed body is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces
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| principle of flotation | a floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight
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| Pascal's Principle | the pressure applied to a motionless fluid confined in a container is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid
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| surface tension | the tendency of the surface of a liquid to contract in area & thus to behave like a stretched elastic membrane
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| capillarity | the rise of a liquid in a fine, hollow tube or narrow space
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| atmospheric pressure | the pressure exerted against bodies immersed in the atmosphere; a result of the weight of air pressing down from above
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| barometer | a device that measures atmospheric pressure
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| Boyle's Law | the product of pressure & volume is a constant for a given mass of confined gas, as long as the temperature remains unchanged; P1V1=P2V2
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| Archimedes' Principle for air | an object in the air is buoyed up with a force equal to the weight of the displaced air
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| Bernoulli's Principle | where the speed of a fluid increases, the internal pressure in the fluid decreases
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| plasma | an electrified gas that contains ions & free electrons
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Created by:
vahajuddin
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