fluid pressure
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| 3 main state of matter | solid liquid gas
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| Anything that flows and takes the shape of its container | fluid
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| Fluids can be what 2 states of matter | liquid or gas
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| The ratio of mass to volume in a substance | density
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| Equation for density | D = m/V
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| Si units for density | g/cm3 or g/mL
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| Si units for mass | g or kg
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| SI units for volume | L or mL or cm3 or m3
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| The amount of matter in something | mass
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| The space something takes up | volume
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| Measured on a balance | mass
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| Measured in a graduated cylinder | volume
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| A push or pull on something | Force
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| SI unit for force | Newton
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| Force is measured with what? | spring scale
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| What is pressure | the force acting over a certain area
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| Equation for pressure | P = F/A
pressure = force/area
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| What is the SI unit for pressure | N/m2 or Pa (pascal)
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| In a fluid, pressure _________ as depth increases | increases
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| The pressure at any specific depth is __________. | constant or the same
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| In any fluid what 2 things does pressure depend on | depth and density
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| ______ ____________ is the fluid pressure of the atmosphere stacked on top of us. | air pressure or atmospheric pressure
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| As altitude increases (going up in the mountains or up in a plane), air pressure __________________. | decreases
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| States that a change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid | Pascal's Principle
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| What is a hydraulic system | A device that uses pressurized fluid acting on connected pistons of two different sizes to change a force
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| How does a hydraulic system work | as pressure is added to a small piston it is also increased in the larger piston. But there is a bigger area and thus a bigger force at the larger piston
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| State Bernoulli's principle. | as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases or speed and pressure are inversely proportional in a fluid
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| As the speed of a fluid _____________, pressure increases | decreases
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| What happens to windows and roofs in a tornado and why? | The blow out or up because speed is greater and pressure is less outside
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| How does a wing produce lift just by its shape cutting through the air? | Air on the top side goes faster and pressure on top decreases. More pressure under the wind creates a pressure difference that causes lift
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| Name the forces on an airplane | lift, drag, weight, thrust
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| This is the movement of a planes nose up or down | pitch
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| This is the movement of a planes nose side to side | yaw
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| This is the movement of a plane where the wings go up or down as it rotates around the center axis of the plane | roll
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| What control surface makes a plane pitch? | elevators on the tail
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| What control surface makes a plane roll? | ailerons on the wing
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| What control surface makes a plane yaw? | rudder on the tail
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| This is the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object placed in it | buoyancy
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| Another name for floating | positive buoyancy
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| Another name for sinking | negative buoyancy
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| What is it called when something stays exactly submerged where you place it in a fluid | neutral buoyancy or "flinking"
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| This is the upward force acting on an object in a fluid | buoyant force
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| What produces buoyant force on an object | The pressure is greater at the bottom of an object than the top (Remember the golf ball in water picture!)
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| Whether something floats or sinks depends on ___ and ___. | Density and Buoyancy
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| State Archimedes' principle | The upward force acting on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
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| How does a submarine dive | it takes water into its ballast tanks making it heaver than the buoyant force from the weight of the water it displaces
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| Why does a piece of clay sink, but in a boat shape it floats? | in the boat shape it displaces more than its weight in water
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