Basic organic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen.
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| What is an alcohol? | An organic compound that contains the hydroxyl group (-OH).
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| What do ethers contain? | Two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom. They have no O-H hydrogens, so they can't hydrogen bond with themselves.
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| What is the carbonyl group? | A carbon double-bonded to an oxygen.
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| What do ketones contain? | Two alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl group.
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| What do aldehydes contain? | One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl group.
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| What is a main difference between nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones? | Ketones generally have the -one suffix, and aldehydes have either the -al or the -aldehyde suffix.
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| What do carboxylic acids contain? | The carboxyl group, or -COOH.
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| What is the carboxyl group composed of? | A carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group.
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| What is the systematic naming convention for carboxylic acids? | The "-oic acid" suffix.
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| What are the carboxylic acid derivatives? | Acid chlorides, esters and amides.
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| What is an acid chloride? | A carboxylic acid derivative where Cl is in place of the hydroxyl group bonded to the carbonyl group.
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| What is an ester? | A carboxylic acid derivative where an alkyl group replaces the acid proton in the hydroxyl group.
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| What is an amine? | An alkylated derivative of ammonia.
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| What is an amide? | A carboxylic acid derivative that has ammonia or an amine in place of the hydroxyl group.
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| Describe how hydrogen bonding can occur with amides. | One of the hydrogens from the highly polarized N-H bond will bond with the carbonyl oxygen that carries a partial negative charge as a result of resonance polarization.
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| What does a nitrile contain? | The cyano group, or -C(triblebond)N.
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| What are the two types of isomers? | Constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.
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| What is another name for constitutional isomers? | Structural isomers.
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| What is the difference between constitutional and stereoisomers? | Constitutional isomers have atoms connected to different atoms, and stereoisomers are connected to the same atoms, just oriented differently in space.
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