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a device that moves the grid during a radiographic exposure is called a

Potter-Bucky diaphragm

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a fixed kVp technique is fixed for a specific

range of part thickness

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a grid absorbs

scatter radiation

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a grid is used to improve

distortion

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a Potter-Bucky diaphragm must move the grid___to the direction of the grid lines

perpendicular

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a Thoreaus filter combines all of the following except; silver, copper, tin, aluminum

silver

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air produces a ___image receptor exposure than any other body substance

greater

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all filtration can be expressed in terms of the thickness of

Al/Eq

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angulation across the long axis of a linear grid causes

grid cut-off

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as a general rule, a grid is employed when the body part thickness exceeds___cm

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as a general rule, a grid is employed when kVp exceeds

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as kVp increases

scatter increases

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as the lead content of a grid increases

the ability of the grid to remove scatter increases

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attenuation is greater for elements with more___with which the photons may interacts

electrons

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bone produces less image receptor___because it attenuates the x-ray beam more than soft tissue does

exposure

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establishing the kVp steps in___cm increments permits simple halving or doubling of mAs to maintain density

4 to 5

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filtration affects patient dose by

removing low-energy photons

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filtration has what affect on patient dose

it decreases patient dose

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filtration is the process of eliminating undesirable___by the insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam

low-energy incident electrons

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filtration permits the radiograper to___the photon emission spectrum into a more useful beam

narrow

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fixed kVp systems

decrease patient dose, reduce x-ray tube wear, decrease time settings

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fixed kVp systems

increase the consistency of image density, increase the consistency of image contrast, lengthen exposure latitude

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fixed kVp systems

produce more scatter radiation than other systems

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for a grid to be properly focused, the x-ray tube must be located along the___line

convergence

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for a variable kVp exposure technique system, the kVp is primarily varied according to

measured body part thickness

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how many half-value layers must be added to the primary beam to reduce its intensity to less than 20 percent of its original value

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in a fixed kilovoltage system, the___is held constant

kVp

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in a fixed kVp system, the kVp is held constant

for a given range of subject densities, contrasts, while the mAs is varied to achieve appropriate image density

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in general, low-energy x-ray photons

are absorbed by the patient

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in the early days of radiography, it was common practice to use a change of___kVp for every one cm of tissue thickness plus a constant

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most of the inherent filtration of a typical x-ray equipment comes from the

wedge filter

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once phantom images have been produced, they must be shown to

diagnosing radiologists and image quality control radiographers

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photon absorption within the body occurs as the result of

photoelectric interaction

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photons that pass through the body unaffected produce

radiographic contrast

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steps formed for a variable kVp exposure system should be in groups of___cm increments

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technique systems function best when a

large number of variables can be held constant, single factor is permitted to vary, method of consistency is used to produce a quality image

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the advantages of the fixed kVp technique system include each of the following except; decreased contrast, decreased recorded detail, decreased mAs, max possible kVp

decreased contrast

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the amount of material that will reduce the intensity of the primary beam to one-half its original value is the

half-value layer

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the amount of scatter radiation increases with a/an

increase in patient thickness, larger field size, decrease in atomic number of the tissue

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the collimator device is considered part of the___filtration

added

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the degree of differential absorption is referred to as

subject contrast

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the device used to measure part thickness is called a

caliper

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the effective use of a variable kVp technique chart requires

precise part measurement

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the greatest source of scatter during a radiographic exam is the

patient

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the half-value layer is typically expressed in

Al/Eq

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the higher the kVp, the

lower the patient dose

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the interaction that produces scatter radiation is called___interaction

compton

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the kVp has a profound effect on

contrast, type of interaction, average photon energy

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the mAs values for a fixed kVp system must be set at minimum increments of ___percent

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the most common filter material used is

aluminum

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the number of grid lines per inch is the grid

frequency

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the objective of optimal kVp is to determine the

highest kVp & lowest contrast

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the optimal kVp must ensure

sufficient penetration of the subject, acceptable radiographic contrast, the availability of diagnostic information

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the primary variable of a fixed kVp system is

mAs

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the problem of unequal subject density is solved by a

Thoreaus filter

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the purpose of moving the grid is to blur the

radiopaque strips

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the radiopaque strips

absorb scatter, are made of dense material, have a high atomic number

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the ratio of the height of the lead strips to the distance between the lead strips is the grid

ratio

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the use of the max kVp as optimal causes a corresponding decrease in

mAs

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the___the bidy part, the___the attenuation

thicker, greater

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to reduce or eliminate the need for patient exposures, a___is used to develop a variable kVp exposure system

PEP

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total filtration is equal to the sum of___filtration

inherent and added

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variable kVp systems

produce higher contrast images than other systems do, enhance the visibility of detail, increase the perception of resolution

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what term describes filtration that is part of the x-ray tube, the tube housing, and the collimation device

inherent

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when AEC systems are used, the selection of___ factors is eliminated

time

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when an x-ray beam passes through the body

it will pass throught the body unaffected, be absorbed by the body, interact with the body and change direction

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when establishing a technique chart, the initial step involves

producing phantom images

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when the lead strips run in a single direction in a grid, the grid pattern is described as

linear

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when viewing phantom images, professionals are not asked to select the

single best image

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which grid would have the greates distance between lead strips

6:1

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which grid would most effectively reduce scatter

15:1

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which of the following elements would attenuate a greater percentage of the x-ray beam; hydrogen, barium, oxygen, carbon

barium

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which of the following elements would attenuate a lesser percentage of the x-ray beam; hydrogen, barium, oxygen, carbon

hydrogen

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which of the following materials are used as a filter; glass, oil, aluminum

all of the above

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___ compensating filters is used most commonly in thoracic spine radiography

wedge

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the thickest portion of the wedge filter is placed over the less dense part of the patient

true

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a grid is a series of radiopaque strips that alternate with radiolucent interspace strips

true

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which term best describes the filtration that occurs as the primary beam passes through the glass window of the x-ray tube

inherent

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