Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour
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| show | Treatment involving psychological techniques. Consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
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| Biomedical Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
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| show | A trained therapist who uses psychological techniques to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder or mental distress.
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| Psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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| Free Association | show 🗑
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| show | Refers to the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy. A patient’s hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of resistance. Supports and maintains the process of repression.
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| show | In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviours and events in order to promote insight. An important component of psychoanalysis is dream analysis.
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| Transference | show 🗑
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| Criticisms of Psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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| Psychodynamic Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | A brief variation of psychodynamic therapy that has been effective in treating depression. Primarily focuses on helping people improve their relationship skills.
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| Insight Therapies | show 🗑
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| show | Emphasize the importance of self-awareness for psychological adjustment. Likely to teach clients to take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.
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| Client-Centered Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.
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| show | A caring, accepting nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. Client-centered therapies provide patients with feelings of unconditional acceptance.
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| Behaviour Therapy | show 🗑
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| Classical Conditioning Therapies | show 🗑
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| Counterconditioning | show 🗑
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| Exposure Therapies | show 🗑
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| Systematic Desensitization | show 🗑
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| show | Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that relaxation facilitates the elimination of fear.
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| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behaviour (such as drinking alcohol). Involves associating unwanted behaviours with unpleasant experiences.
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| Behaviour Modification | show 🗑
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| Token Economy | show 🗑
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| Criticisms of Behaviour Modification | show 🗑
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| Strengths of Behaviour Modification | show 🗑
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| show | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking. Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. People are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events.
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| Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy | show 🗑
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| Beck's Depression Therapy | show 🗑
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| Stress Inoculation Training | show 🗑
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| show | A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behaviour therapy (changing behaviour). Aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions.
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| show | Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interactions. Examines a person’s role within a social system and encourages clients to improve their communication skills.
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| show | Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviours as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. The belief that no person is an island is a fundamental assumption of family therapy.
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| Client Perspectives on Psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| Clinician Perspectives on Psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | The beneficial consequence of a person’s expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic.
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| show | Refers to the tendency for extraordinary or unusual events to be followed by more ordinary events. This phenomenon contributes to inflated perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
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| show | In the 1950s, challenged the effectiveness of psychotherapy because it appeared to be no more beneficial than no treatment at all.
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| show | The best outcome studies for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy typically use randomized clinical trials. The best psychotherapy outcome studies are randomized clinical trials comparing treatment groups with control groups.
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| show | Refers to a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies. The most convincing evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from meta-analyses of psychotherapeutic outcome studies.
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| show | Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
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| show | Based on the belief that there are energy fields that flow through and around your body. Energy therapies have received little or no scientific support.
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| show | A form of augmentative and alternative communication in which someone physically supports an autistic person. Facilitated communication is a scientifically unsupported treatment approach and should be avoided.
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| show | Rapidly moving one’s eyes while recalling traumatic experiences.
Originally developed for the treatment of anxiety and similar to systematic desensitization. Studies indicate that the value of EMDR is due to the effectiveness of exposure therapy.
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| show | Sparks activity in a brain region that influences the body’s arousal. Developed to relieve symptoms of depression. Demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from seasonal affective disorder.
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| show | A sense of hope (illustrated by the placebo effect); a new perspective; a caring relationship.
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| Therapeutic Alliance | show 🗑
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| Culture and Psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.
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| Preventative Mental Health | show 🗑
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| Drug Therapies | show 🗑
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| Psychopharmacology | show 🗑
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| Double-Blind Procedure | show 🗑
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| show | Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. Produces therapeutic effects by blocking receptors sites for dopamine.
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| show | Dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms. Reduces paranoia and hallucinations.
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| show | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs that includes sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson’s disease. Associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain dopamine receptor sites.
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| show | Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. Designed to depress the central nervous system.
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| show | An antianxiety drug. Prescribed in order to help overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.
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| show | An antianxiety drug. Prescribed in order to help clients overcome fears.
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| D-Cycloserine | show 🗑
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| Withdrawal Antianxiety Drugs | show 🗑
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| show | Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors – SSRIs.
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| show | Prescribed to elevate mood and arousal. Slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses. Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil are SSRIs.
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| show | Block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Increases the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine. The increased availability of serotonin produces neurogenesis.
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| show | An effective mood-stabilizing drug. Has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
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| Depakote | show 🗑
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy | show 🗑
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| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | show 🗑
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| show | Involves the implantation of electrodes to inhibit activity in the area of the cortex that triggers negative emotions. Has been reported to provide relief from depression.
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| Psychosurgery | show 🗑
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| Lobotomy | show 🗑
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| show | Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure and social engagement are important components of therapeutic life-style change.
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