Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour
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| Psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| Biomedical Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
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| show | A trained therapist who uses psychological techniques to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder or mental distress.
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| Psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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| Free Association | show 🗑
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| show | Refers to the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy. A patient’s hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of resistance. Supports and maintains the process of repression.
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| Interpretation | show 🗑
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| Transference | show 🗑
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| Criticisms of Psychoanalysis | show 🗑
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| Psychodynamic Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | A brief variation of psychodynamic therapy that has been effective in treating depression. Primarily focuses on helping people improve their relationship skills.
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| show | A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses. Psychoanalytic therapies and humanistic therapies.
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| Humanistic Therapies | show 🗑
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| show | Developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. Patients’ discover their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties.
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| Active Listening | show 🗑
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| show | A caring, accepting nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. Client-centered therapies provide patients with feelings of unconditional acceptance.
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| show | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviours. Old learning led to the development of a problem, new learning can fix it. Action based.
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| Classical Conditioning Therapies | show 🗑
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| show | Behaviour therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviours. Include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.
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| Exposure Therapies | show 🗑
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| Systematic Desensitization | show 🗑
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| Progressive Relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. Effective in the treatment of phobias.
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| Aversive Conditioning | show 🗑
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| show | Patients’ actions are influenced by controlling the consequences of those actions. Reinforces closer approximations of desired behaviours and withholds reinforcements for undesired behaviours.
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| show | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behaviour and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. Approach has helped children with autism function effectively in school.
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| Criticisms of Behaviour Modification | show 🗑
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| Strengths of Behaviour Modification | show 🗑
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| Cognitive Therapies | show 🗑
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| show | A confrontational therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical self-defeating attitudes and assumptions. Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control.
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| Beck's Depression Therapy | show 🗑
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| Stress Inoculation Training | show 🗑
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| Cognitive Behaviour Therapy | show 🗑
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| Group Therapy | show 🗑
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| Family Therapy | show 🗑
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| Client Perspectives on Psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | Therapists overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because they keep in touch with clients that are satisfied with the treatment they received. Clients emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-being at the end of therapy.
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| Placebo Effect | show 🗑
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| Regression Toward the Mean | show 🗑
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| Hans Eysenck | show 🗑
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| Randomized Clinical Trials | show 🗑
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| Meta-Analysis | show 🗑
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| Evidenced Based Practice | show 🗑
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| Energy Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | A form of augmentative and alternative communication in which someone physically supports an autistic person. Facilitated communication is a scientifically unsupported treatment approach and should be avoided.
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| show | Rapidly moving one’s eyes while recalling traumatic experiences.
Originally developed for the treatment of anxiety and similar to systematic desensitization. Studies indicate that the value of EMDR is due to the effectiveness of exposure therapy.
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| Light Exposure Therapies | show 🗑
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| Benefits of Psychotherapies | show 🗑
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| show | A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and a client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem.
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| show | Matching Asian-American clients with counselors who share their cultural values facilitates the therapeutic alliance. Highly religious people may prefer and benefit from therapists with similar religious beliefs.
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| Resilience | show 🗑
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| show | Based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from stressful social situations. Minimize psychological disorders by reducing child abuse, illiteracy, poverty and other demoralizing situations.
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| Drug Therapies | show 🗑
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| Psychopharmacology | show 🗑
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| Double-Blind Procedure | show 🗑
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| show | Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. Produces therapeutic effects by blocking receptors sites for dopamine.
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| Chlorpromazine | show 🗑
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| show | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs that includes sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson’s disease. Associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain dopamine receptor sites.
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| show | Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. Designed to depress the central nervous system.
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| Xanax | show 🗑
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| Ativan | show 🗑
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| D-Cycloserine | show 🗑
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| show | Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an anxiety drug are indicative of physiological dependence. Discontinued use of antianxiety drugs leads to increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping.
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| show | Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors – SSRIs.
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| show | Prescribed to elevate mood and arousal. Slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses. Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil are SSRIs.
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| Dual Action Drugs | show 🗑
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| Lithium | show 🗑
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| Depakote | show 🗑
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. Treatment of depression. Does not trigger seizures and memory loss. Triggers the long-term potentiation of frontal lobe nerve cells.
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| show | Involves the implantation of electrodes to inhibit activity in the area of the cortex that triggers negative emotions. Has been reported to provide relief from depression.
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| show | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behaviour. The least used biomedical intervention for changing behaviour.
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| Lobotomy | show 🗑
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| show | Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure and social engagement are important components of therapeutic life-style change.
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