6 Urinary System
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| kidneys | two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the verttebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum
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| nephron | urine-producing microscopic structure. approx 1 million in wach kidney
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| glomerulus | cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. The process of filterin the blood, and forming urine, begins here.
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| renal pelvis | funnel-shaped reservoir the collects the wrine and passes it to the ureter
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| hilum | indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney
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| ureters | 2 slender tubes, approx 10-13 inches long. recieve the urine from the kidneys to carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
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| cyst/o | bladder, sac
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| vesic/o | bladder, sac
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus
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| meat/o | meatus (opening)
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| ren/o | kidney
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| urinary bladder | muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine
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| urethra | lowest part of the urinary tract, through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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| urinary meatus | opening through which the urine passes to the outside
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| albumin/o | albumin
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| azot/o | urea, nitrogen
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| blast/o | developing cell, germ cell
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| glycos/o | sugar
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| hydr/o | water
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| lith/o | stone, calculus
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| noct/i | night
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| olig/o | scanty, few
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| son/o | sound
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| tom/o | cut, section
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| urin/o | urine, urinary tract
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| ur/o | urine, urinary tract
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| -iasis | condition
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| -esis | condition
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| -lysis | loosening, dissolution, separating
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -ptosis | drooping, sagging, prolapse
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| -rrhaphy | suturing, repairing
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| -tripsy | surgical crushing
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| -trophy | nourishment, development
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| -uria | urine, urination
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| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder
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| cystocele | protrusion of the bladder
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| cystolith | stone in the bladder
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| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
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| hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of water in the kidney
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| nephritis | inflammation of a kidney
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| nephroblastoma | kidney tumor containing developing cells
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| nephrohypertrophy | excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney
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| nephrolithiasis | condition on stones in the kidney
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| nephroma | tumor of the kidney
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| nephromegaly | enlargement of a kidney
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| nephroptosis | drooping kidney
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| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
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| uremia | condition of urine in the blood
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| ureteritis | inflammation of a ureter
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| ureterocele | protrusion of a ureter
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| ureterolithiasis | condiation of stones in the ureters
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| ureterostenosis | narrowing of the ureter
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| urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and the bladder
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| epispadias | congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis
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| hypospadias | congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis
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| polycystic kidney disease | condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged
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| renal calculi | stones in the kidney
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| renal hypertension | elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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| sepsis | condition in which pathogenic microorgansisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systematic inflammatory response to the infection (septicemia)
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| urinary retention | abnoraml accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
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| urinary suppression | sudden stoppage of urine formation
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| urinary tract infection ( UTI ) | infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
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| cystectomy | excision of the bladder
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| cystolithotomy | incision of the bladder to remove a stone
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| cystorrhaphy | suturing of the bladder
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| cystostomy or vesicotomy | incision of the bladder
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| lithotripsy | surgical crushing of a stone
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| nephrectomy | excision of a kidney
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| nephrolysis | separating the kidney (from otehr body structures)
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| nephropexy | surgical fixation of the kidney
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| nephropyelithotomy | incision through the kidney to the renal pelvis to remove a stone
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| nephrostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the kidney
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| pyeolithotomy | incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
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| pyeoplasty | surgical repair of the renal pelvis
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| ureterectomy | excision of a ureter
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| ureterostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the ureter
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| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra
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| vesicourethral suspension | suspension pertaining to the bladder and the urethra
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| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney or ureteral stones
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| fulguration | destruction of living tissue with an eletric spark (commonly used to remove bladder growths)
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| renal transplant | surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney
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| cystogram | xray image of the bladder
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| cystography | xray imaging of the bladder
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| intravenous urogram (IVU) | xray image of the urinary tract (intravenous pyelogram)
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| nephrogram | xray image of the kidney
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| nephrosonography | process of recording the kidney using sound (ultrasound test)
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| nephrotomogram | xray image of the kidney
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| renogram | record of the kidney (nuclear mediciine test)
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| retrograde urogram | xray image of the urinary tract with contrast medium instilled through urethral catheters by a cystoscope
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| voiding cystourethrography | xray imaging of the bladder and the urethra
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| cystoscope | instrument used for visual exam of the bladder
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| cystoscopy | visual exam of the bladder
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| meatoscope | instrument used for visual exam of the meatus
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| meatoscopy | visual exam of the meatus
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| nephropscoy | visual exam of the kidney
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| urethroscope | instrument used for visual exam of the urethra
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| urinometer | instrument used to measure (specific gravity) urine
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| KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) | simple xray image of the abdomen
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| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood (determines kidney function)
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| creatinine | blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood (elevated amount indicates imapired kidney function)
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| specific gravity (SG) | test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys
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| urinalysis (UA) | multiple rountine tests performed on a urine specimen
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| albuminuria | albumin in the urien
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| anuria | abscence of urine
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| aztoemia | urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
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| diuresis | condition of urien passing through (increased excreation)
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| dysuria | difficult or painful urination
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| glycosuria | sugar (glucose) in the urine
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| meatal | pertaining to the meatus
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| nephrologist | physician who studies and treats disease of the kidney
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| nephrology | study of the kidney
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| nocturia | night urination
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| oliguria | scanty urine
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| polyuria | excessive urine
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| pyuria | pus in the urine
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| urinary | pertaining to the urine
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| urologist | physician who studies and treats the urinary tract
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| urology | study of the urinary tract
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| catheter (cath) | flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
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| distended | stretched out
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| diuretic | agent the increases the formation and excretion of urine
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| enuresis | involuntary urination
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| hemodialysis (HD) | procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inablitly of the kidneys to do so
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| incontinence | inability to control bladder and/or bowels
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| micturate | to urinate or void
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| peritoneal dialysis | procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so
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| stricture | abnormal narrowing
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| urinal | receptical for urine
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| urinary catheterization | passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
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| urodynamics | pertaining to the force and the flow of urine within the urinary tract
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| void | to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine
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Created by:
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