ODK #3- Neuro
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| show | (Nocireceptors)
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| show | (Touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception)
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| Which sensation receptor senses temperature? | show 🗑
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| Which sensation receptor senses pain? | show 🗑
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| What is your awareness of where your limbs are in space? | show 🗑
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| Process that conveys information regarding the body and its interaction with the environment to the brain? | show 🗑
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| Somatosensory system includes receptors in the skin, muscles, joints and blood vessels which send neural signals to the ______ lobe via the spinal nerves/spinal cord and cranial nerves/brain stem. | show 🗑
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| show | (types of sensation, types of specialized receptors, 3 neuron organization, innervation patterns)
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| show | (Mechanoreceptors)
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| show | (Sensitivity (responsiveness) & adaptability to stimuli)
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| Reduction of response to sustained stimuli: | show 🗑
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| Describe adapting. | show 🗑
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| Describe non-adapting: | show 🗑
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| show | (Tactile)
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| Where are encapsulated endings located? | show 🗑
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| Are encapsulated endings adapting or non-adapting? | show 🗑
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| What are two types of encapsulated endings & what do they respond to? | show 🗑
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| show | (sense pain, temperature, some tactile)
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| Where are free nerve endings located? | show 🗑
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| Are free nerve endings adapting or non-adapting? | show 🗑
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| show | (temp., tactile, pressure)
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| Where are extended tip endings located? | show 🗑
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| Are expanded tip endings adapting or non-adapting? | show 🗑
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| show | (Merel receptors and Ruffini endings
THREE-NEURON ORDERS
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| What is the 1st order? | show 🗑
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| show | (Info enters CNS at spinal cord or brainstem (if cranial nerve) and project to opposite side crossing midline to thalamus)
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| show | (Thalamus neurons which project to primary sensory cortex)
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| show | position, vibration, fine touch
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| Where does decussation occur? | show 🗑
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| show | (Large diameter axons, thick myelin sheath)
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| Describe the “Cough Hack” | show 🗑
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| Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal Tract/System is also called? | show 🗑
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| The Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal (aka Epicritic System) carries what information? | show 🗑
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| show | (proprioception)
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| Awareness of limb movement? | show 🗑
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| The Anterolateral Tract/System is also called the? | show 🗑
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| show | (Pain, Temperature, Diffuse/gross touch)
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| What are 2 tracts within the Anterolateral System? | show 🗑
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| show | (Fine discriminative touch, vibration, limb position, kinesthesia & deep pressure)
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| What is fine touch discrimination? | show 🗑
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| What is another name for the Anterolateral system? | show 🗑
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| Fine touch discrimination? ID object with eyes closed? | show 🗑
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| show | (Graphesthesia)
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| What are 2 other functions important for skilled movement? | show 🗑
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| What are the receptors in the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal System? | show 🗑
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| show | (encapsulated end receptors, highly sensitive and adaptable)
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| show | (kinesthesia and proprioception)
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| show | a. Fasciculus Gracilis (slender, graceful) - sacral to midthoracic level (upper body)
b. Facsiculus Cuneatus (short wedge-shaped) -above midthoracic level (upper body)
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| What is fasciculus | show 🗑
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| show | a. Peripheral nerves via Spinal Cord b.Brainstem Nuclei c. Thalamus (through Internal Capsule) d.Primary Sensory Cortex (BA 1,2,3) e.Primary Association Cortex (BA 5, 7) – mapped spatially (homunculus)
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| Why do people with dysarthria have motor and sensory problems? | show 🗑
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| show | (the ipsilateral/same side – dorsal-medial)
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| show | (the contralateral/opposite side - antereolateral)
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| show | (2-Point Discrimination, Stereognosis, Graphesthesia, Vibratory, and Romberg Test)
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| show | (Spinal Ganglion, cross to spinal tract, ventral posterolateral n. of thalamus)
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| show | (Ipsilateral)
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| show | (Contralaterally)
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| What is a body area innervated by the neurons in a single dorsal root ganglion (the dorsal part of the spinal nerve)? | show 🗑
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| How can dermatomes help distinguish between psychiatric and neurological injury? | show 🗑
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| show | (one side has pain but it is felt in another site)
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| show | No sensation
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| show | Decreased pain; higher threshold
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| What is increased pain? | show 🗑
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| show | (encapsulated endings, free nerve endings, expanded tip endings)
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| show | No.
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| show | (dorsal column-medial lemniscus system)
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| show | (Thalmaus and cerebral cortex, enabling one to describe the position of a limb)
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| show | (spinocerebellar tract)
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| What is the pathway for unconscious proprioception? | show 🗑
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| show | (right side)
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| Primary Motor Cortex (M1) --Pre-central gyrus- BA 4 | show 🗑
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| Corticospinal Tract | show 🗑
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| Corticobulbar Tract | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior PMC- BA 6
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| show | Helps to regulate posture by dictating an optimal position to the motor cortex for any given movement.
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| What is the Supplementary Motor Area? | show 🗑
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| What percent of descending motor fibers originate from the PreMC? | show 🗑
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| show | that BA 4 stimulation results in highly localized &discrete movements of the contralateral musculature.
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| show | 30%
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| show | Postcentral gyrus - BA 3, 1, 2
Somatosensory association areas – BA 5, 7
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| What does the Primary Sensory Cortex do? (PSC) | show 🗑
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| What percent of descending fibers originate here? | show 🗑
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| Upper motor neurons (UMN): | show 🗑
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| show | Motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord that project to the muscles (cranial and spinal nerves)
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| The 3 major cortical areas for voluntary movement are ____, ____, and ___. | show 🗑
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| The corticospinal tract is also referred to as the ____ tract. | show 🗑
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| show | corticonuclear
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| The motor cortices output information ____, so the left arm is controlled by the right motor cortex. | show 🗑
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| Axons of pyramidal cells are projected onto the spinal motor nuclei to form the ____ tract. | show 🗑
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| show | (corticonuclear)
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| show | Lateral and Anterior
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| The lateral corticospinal tract controls the _____ while the anterior spinal tract controls the ____. | show 🗑
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| What is spastic hemiplegia? | show 🗑
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| What is paralysis of facial, lingual, palatal and laryngeal muscles? | show 🗑
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| Decussation happens at the ____ in the CST | show 🗑
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| show | lower 1/3 of motor cortex through internal capsule, pes pedunculi, crossing midline to lower cranial nerve nuclei
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| Decussation of CN 3: | show 🗑
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| Decussation of CN 5 & 7: | show 🗑
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| Decussation of CN 10 & 11: | show 🗑
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| The upper face, jaw, and larynx are innervated ___. | show 🗑
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| show | (ipsilateral, contralateral)
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| show | (flaccidity followed by spasticity, increased muscle tone, abnormal Babinski sign, hyperflexia)
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| show | Corticospinal and corticobulbar
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| LMN affects which tract? | show 🗑
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| show | (flaccidity, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy, hyporeflexia, fabrillations)
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