Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Intro to Synthesis
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| Hydrocarbons, as the name implies, are compounds whose molecules contain: | Carbon and Hydrogen
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| Carbon characteristic of alkanes | Carbon-carbon bonds are singular
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| Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bond | Alkenes
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| Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon triple bond | Alkynes
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| Def. of cycloalkanes | Alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring
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| A cycloalkane containing a single ring have ____ _____ hydrogen atoms than regular alkanes | Two fewer
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| This alkane makes up 80% of our natural gas | Methane
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| What is the bond angle of ALL alkanes? | 109.5 degrees
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| What is the geometry of ALL alkanes? | Tetrahedral
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| Hybridization of ALL alkanes? | sp3
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| Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated compounds? and why? | Saturated, because they are single bonds. They contain the most hydrogens thatthey are able to possess.
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| What alkane makes up 20% of our natural gas? | Ethane
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| Name for alkane that can have different structures while having the same formula: | constitutional isomers
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| Alkane (minus) Hydrogen = | Alkyl (change -ane to -yl)
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| Four halogens found in alkylhalides: | F- fluoro; Cl- chloro; Br- bromo; I- iodo
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| Hydrocarbons have high or low melting and boiling points? | Low (Van der Waals forces)
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| Alkylhalides - MP and BP compared to hydrocarbons? | Slightly higher
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| Solubility of hydrocarbons | Not soluble in H20
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| Solubility of alkylhalides | Slightly soluble in H20
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| Name of hydrocarbon involved in communication | Communication
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| Name of hydrocarbon described as a "sex attractant". | Undecane
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| The ONLY drinkable alcohol: | I: Ethanol (C: Ethyl alcohol)
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| T/F - Alcohol is an alkane. | False
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| Wood alcohol is what type of alcohol? | Methanol
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| What makes up denatured alcohol? | Ethanol mixed with methanol
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| Uses for methanol: | Fuel for high-performance cars and race cars
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| How does methanol burn? | Intense yet unnoticeable light blue flame
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| Alternative name for methanol: | Wood alcohol
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| Alpha carbons are connected to ____ | OH
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| Beta carbons are attached to ___ | Alpha carbon
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| Primary (1º) atom characteristic: | One beta carbon connected to alpha carbon
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| Secondary (2º) atom characteristic: | Two beta carbons connected to alpha carbon
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| Tertiary (3º) atom characteristic: | Three beta carbons connected to alpha carbon
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| Stereoisomers - characteristic | Same structures, different arrangement in space. trans/cist
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| Trans = | Across
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| Cist = | Boat-shaped
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| Cist & trans are meant for all ______ | Non-1-alkenes
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| Solubility of alcohol | Soluble in H2O up to 6 carbons
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| Properties of alcohol | High MP & BP (hydrogen bonds)
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| What type of alkane is most stable hydrocarbon? | Cycloalkanes
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| The most stable cycloalkane: | Cyclohexane
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| Most stable sawhorse structure | Chair configuration
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| Least stable sawhorse structure | Boat configuration
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| All cycloalkanes want what angle? | 109.5º
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| Cyclopropane gets what BA? | 60º
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| Cyclobutane gets what BA? | 90º
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| Cyclopentane gets what BA? | 108º
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| How do you calculate Angle Strain? | Ideal angle (109.5º) - Actual Angle = Angle Strain
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| When the actual angle goes beyond 360º, you add ______ for each side. | 180º
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| When the number of sides is higher than 6, the angle _______ __ ______ and hydrogens overlap, getting in the way. | Remain at 109.5º
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| What results from a cycloalkane containing more than 6 sides? | Stearic hindrance
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| Hydrogenation - hydrogenated = | Trans fats
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Created by:
CBaney
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