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Chapter 4: Alkanes
Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Intro to Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydrocarbons, as the name implies, are compounds whose molecules contain: | Carbon and Hydrogen |
| Carbon characteristic of alkanes | Carbon-carbon bonds are singular |
| Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bond | Alkenes |
| Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon triple bond | Alkynes |
| Def. of cycloalkanes | Alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring |
| A cycloalkane containing a single ring have ____ _____ hydrogen atoms than regular alkanes | Two fewer |
| This alkane makes up 80% of our natural gas | Methane |
| What is the bond angle of ALL alkanes? | 109.5 degrees |
| What is the geometry of ALL alkanes? | Tetrahedral |
| Hybridization of ALL alkanes? | sp3 |
| Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated compounds? and why? | Saturated, because they are single bonds. They contain the most hydrogens thatthey are able to possess. |
| What alkane makes up 20% of our natural gas? | Ethane |
| Name for alkane that can have different structures while having the same formula: | constitutional isomers |
| Alkane (minus) Hydrogen = | Alkyl (change -ane to -yl) |
| Four halogens found in alkylhalides: | F- fluoro; Cl- chloro; Br- bromo; I- iodo |
| Hydrocarbons have high or low melting and boiling points? | Low (Van der Waals forces) |
| Alkylhalides - MP and BP compared to hydrocarbons? | Slightly higher |
| Solubility of hydrocarbons | Not soluble in H20 |
| Solubility of alkylhalides | Slightly soluble in H20 |
| Name of hydrocarbon involved in communication | Communication |
| Name of hydrocarbon described as a "sex attractant". | Undecane |
| The ONLY drinkable alcohol: | I: Ethanol (C: Ethyl alcohol) |
| T/F - Alcohol is an alkane. | False |
| Wood alcohol is what type of alcohol? | Methanol |
| What makes up denatured alcohol? | Ethanol mixed with methanol |
| Uses for methanol: | Fuel for high-performance cars and race cars |
| How does methanol burn? | Intense yet unnoticeable light blue flame |
| Alternative name for methanol: | Wood alcohol |
| Alpha carbons are connected to ____ | OH |
| Beta carbons are attached to ___ | Alpha carbon |
| Primary (1º) atom characteristic: | One beta carbon connected to alpha carbon |
| Secondary (2º) atom characteristic: | Two beta carbons connected to alpha carbon |
| Tertiary (3º) atom characteristic: | Three beta carbons connected to alpha carbon |
| Stereoisomers - characteristic | Same structures, different arrangement in space. trans/cist |
| Trans = | Across |
| Cist = | Boat-shaped |
| Cist & trans are meant for all ______ | Non-1-alkenes |
| Solubility of alcohol | Soluble in H2O up to 6 carbons |
| Properties of alcohol | High MP & BP (hydrogen bonds) |
| What type of alkane is most stable hydrocarbon? | Cycloalkanes |
| The most stable cycloalkane: | Cyclohexane |
| Most stable sawhorse structure | Chair configuration |
| Least stable sawhorse structure | Boat configuration |
| All cycloalkanes want what angle? | 109.5º |
| Cyclopropane gets what BA? | 60º |
| Cyclobutane gets what BA? | 90º |
| Cyclopentane gets what BA? | 108º |
| How do you calculate Angle Strain? | Ideal angle (109.5º) - Actual Angle = Angle Strain |
| When the actual angle goes beyond 360º, you add ______ for each side. | 180º |
| When the number of sides is higher than 6, the angle _______ __ ______ and hydrogens overlap, getting in the way. | Remain at 109.5º |
| What results from a cycloalkane containing more than 6 sides? | Stearic hindrance |
| Hydrogenation - hydrogenated = | Trans fats |
Created by:
CBaney
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