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| _______ is lifeâs primary source of energy. Food Water Sunlight ATP | Sunlight
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| Which of the following statements is not correct? Energy cannot be created or destroyed Energy cannot change from one form to another Energy tends to disperse spontaneously | Energy cannot change from one form to another
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| Entropy _____ Disperse Is a measure of disorder Always increases, overall Disperse and is a measure of disorder | Disperse and is a measure of disorder
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| If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then a(n) ______ reaction is an uphill run. Endergonic Exergonic Catalytic Both endergonic and catalytic | Endergonic
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| If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then activation energy is like _______ A burst of speed Coasting downhill A bump at the top of a hill | A bump at the top of a hill
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| _______ are always changed by participating in a reaction ( choose all that are correct ) Enzymes Cofactors Reactants Coenzymes | Reactants and coenzymes
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| Name one environmental factor that typically influences enzyme function. | Temperature, pH, pressure, salt
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| A metabolic pathway may__________ Build or break down molecules Include an electron transfer chain Generate heat All of the above | All of the above
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| All antioxidants _______ Prevent other molecules from being oxidized Are necessary in the human diet Balance charge Deoxidize free radicals | Deoxidize free radicals
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| Solutes tend to diffuse from a region where they are _____ (more/less) concentrated to an adjacent region where they are _______(more/less) concentrated. | More, less
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| ______ cannot easily diffuse across a lipid bilateral. Water Grass Ions All of the above | Ions
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| A transport protein require ATP to pump sodium ions across a membrane. This is a case of ______. Passive transport Active transport Facilitated diffusion Passive transport and facilitated diffusion | Active transport
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| Immerse a human blood cell in a hypotonic solution and water ______ Diffuses into the cell Diffuses out of the cell Shows no net movement Moves in by endocytosis | Diffuses into the cell
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| Vesicles form during _____ Endocytosis Exocytosis Phagocytosis Endocytosis and phagocytosis | Endocytosis and phagocytosis
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| Reactant | Enters a reaction
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| Phagocytosis | One cell engulfs another
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| First law of thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed
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| Product | Forms at reactions end
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| Cofactor | Assists enzymes
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| Concentration gradient | Basis of diffusion
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| Passive transport | No energy input required
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| Active transport | Requires energy input
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| A cat eats a bird, which ate a caterpillar that chewed on a weed. Which of these organisms are autotrophs? Which ones are heterotrophs? | A: weed
H: cat, bird, caterpillar
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| Which of the following statements is incorrect? Pigments absorb light of certain wavelengths only. Many accessory pigments are multipurpose molecules. Chlorophyll is a green because it absorbs green light. | Chlorophyll is a green because it absorbs green light.
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| In plants the light dependent reactions proceed at/ in the ______. Thylakoid membrane Plasma membrane Strong Cytoplasm | Thylakoid membrane
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| When a photosystem absorb light ______. Sugar phosphates are produced Electrons are transferred to ATP RuBP accepts electrons Electrons are ejected from its special pair | Electrons are ejected from its special pair.
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| In the light dependent reactions, _____ Caribou dioxide is fixed ATP forms Sugars form CO2 accepts electrons ATP forms and sugars form Carbon dioxide is fixed and sugars form | ATP forms
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| What accumulates inside the thylakoid compartment during the light dependent reactions? Sugars Hydrogen ions O2 CO2 | Hydrogen ions
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| Light independent reactions in plants proceed at/in the _____ of chloroplasts. Thylakoid membrane Plasma membrane Stroma Cytoplasm | Stroma
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| The atoms in the molecular oxygen released during photosynthesis come from split _____ molecules. Sugar CO2 Water O2 | Water
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| The Calvin Benson cycle starts when ________ Light is available Carbondioxide is attached to RuBP Electrons leave photosystem 2 | Carbondioxide is attached to RuBP
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| Which of the following substance does not participate in the Calvin Benson cycle? ATP O2 NADPH RuBP PGAL CO2 | O2
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| Plants use energy in ______ to drive photosynthesis. Light Hydrogen ions O2 CO2 | Light
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| Most of the carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis comes from _______. Glucose The atmosphere Rainwater Photolysis | The atmosphere
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| PGAL formation | ATP, NADPH needed
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| CO2 fixation | Rubisco function
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| Photolysis | Water molecules split
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| ATP forms; NADPH does not | Electron cycle back to photosystem 1
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| Photorepiration | Problem in C3 plants
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| Photosynthesis | Converts light to chemical energy
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| Pigment | Absorbs light
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| Autotroph | Self feeder
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| Mitochondrial matrix | Inner space
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| Pyruvate | Product of glycolysis
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| NAD+ | Needed for glycolysis
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| Mitochondrion | Makes many ATP
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| NADH | Reduced coenzyme
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| Anaerobic | No oxygen required
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| Hydrogen ion flow drives ATP synthesis during _______. Glycolysis The Krebs cycle Aerobic respiration Fermentation Both glycolysis and aerobic respiration | Aerobic respiration
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| Which of the following is not produced by an animal muscle cell operating under anaerobic conditions? Heat Lactate ATP NAD+ Pyruvate All are produced | All are produced
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| You body cells can break down _____ as a source of energy to fuel ATP production. Fatty acids Glycerol Amino acids All of the above | All of the above
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| _____ accepts electrons in alcoholic fermentation. Oxygen Pyruvate Acetaldehyde Ethanol | Ethanol
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| Most of the energy that is released by the full breakdown of glucose to CO2 and water ends up in _____. NADH ATP Heat Electrons | ATP
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| In the third stage of aerobic respiration, _____ is the final acceptor of electrons. Water Hydrogen Oxygen NADH | Oxygen
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| After the Krebs reactions run through _______ cycle, one Glucose has been completely broken down to CO2. One Two Three Six | Two
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| Which of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? ETP Acetyl-CoA formation Krebs cycle Glycolysis ETP and glycolysis | ETP and Glycolysis
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| In eukaryotes fermentation is completed in the _______. Nucleus Mitochondrion Plasma membrane Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm
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| In eukaryotes aerobic respiration is completed in the _____. Nucleus Mitochondrion Plasma membrane Cytoplasm | Mitochondrion
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| Which molecule does not form glycolysis? NADH Pyruvate Oxygen ATP | Oxygen
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| Which of the following metabolic pathways require molecular oxygen? Aerobic respiration Lactate fermentation Alcoholic fermentation All of the above | Aerobic respiration
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| Glycolysis starts and ends in the _______. Nucleus Mitochondrion Plasma membrane Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm
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| True/False. Blume animals which make ATP by aerobic respiration, plants make all of their ATP by photosynthesis. | True
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