chemistry chp2
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| polymer | A substance of high molecular weight with long, chain-like molecules consisting of many similar(repeated units).
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| isotope | Different atomic forms of the same element , which vary only in the number of neurons they contain; the heavier species tend to be radioactive.
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| atomic number | The number of protons in an atom.
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| mass number | Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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| mole | A __ of any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or its molecular weight( sum of atomic weights) measured in grams.
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| atomic weight | The average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element.
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| compound | Substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united.
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| mixture | Substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed. 3 basic types are solutions, colloids, suspensions.
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| radioisotopes | Isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior.
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| colloids | 1 A mixture in which the solute particles (usually proteins) do not settle out readily. 2 substance in the thyroid gland containing thyroglobulin protein.
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| suspensions | Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out.
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| cation | An ion with a positive charge.
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| anion | An ion carrying one or more negative charges and therefore attracted to a positive pole.
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| covalent bond | Chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms.
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| dipole | Nonsymmetrical molecules that contain electrically unbalanced atoms. A polar molecule.
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| polar molecule | Nonsymmetrical molecules that contain electrically unbalanced atoms.
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| chemical equilibrium | A state of apparent repose created by two reactions proceeding in opposite directions at equal speed.
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| sythesis (combination) reaction | A chemical reaction in which larger, more complex atoms or molecules are formed from simpler ones.
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| anabolism | Energy- requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances.
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| oxidized | Process of substances combining with oxygen or the removal of hydrogen.
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| catabolism | Process in which living cells break down substances into simpler substances.
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| oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reactions) | A reaction that couples the oxidation (loss of electrons) of one substance with the reduction (gain of electrons) of another substance.
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| ion | Atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge.
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| Electrolyte | Chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current.
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| mitosis | Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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| ionic bond | Chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms.
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| Solutions | Homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids.
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| Solvent | the substance present in the greatest amount or dissolving medium.
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| Molarity | Moles per liter
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| Molecular weight | sum of the atomic weights.
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| exergonic reactions | reactions that release energy.
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| endergonic reactions | reaction that absorbs energy.
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| hydrolysis | process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles.
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| dehydration systhesis | process by which a large molecule is synthesized by removing water and covalently bonding smaller molecules together.
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| homogeneous | mixture has the same composition throughout.
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| isomer | One of two or more substances that has the same molecular formula but with its atoms arranged differently.
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| Molar | A solution concentration determined by mass of solute- 1 liter of solution contains an amount of solute equal to its molecular weight in grams.
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