First lecture exam - biochem 2
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| Main product of glycolysis and four additional products | 1. ATP 2. Pyruvates, Lactic acdi, NADH, Alanine
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| 5 things that stimulate glycolysis | 1. +ADP 2. +AMP 3. +Pi 4. +Amonia 5. +Free Creating
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| 5 things that inhibit glycolysis | 1. +ATP 2. +Creatine phosphate 3. -pH 4. +Citrate 5. +Free fatty acids
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| Aerobic system : reactants and products | 1. Fat, carbs, protein, ADP, AMP, Pi, acetyl, citrate, NAD, FAD 2. ATP, NADH, FADH
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| A molecule having a sulfure in it is a what? | Thioester
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| What molecule is super -delta G allowing many nonfavorable reactions to occur? | Phosphoenolpyruvate (-14.8 Kcal/mol)
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| What 2 molecules have a -delta G allowing things like ATP to be created? | 1. Phosphoenolpyruvate 2. Creatine Phosphate
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| What stimulates energy pathways? What inhibits energy pathway? | 1. Reactants 2. Products
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| ATP-PC system : Is it used in long term activity or short, explosive activity? Fast twitch or slow twitch? | Short explosive activity, fast twitch
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| Regulatory enzyme in the ATP-PC system? | Creatine Kinase
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| Coenzyme A = what type of bond? | Thioester bond
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| ATP-PC system: Location, Reactants, Product | 1. Cytosol 2. ADP, AMP, Pi 3. ATP
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| What stimulates ATP-PC system? What inhibits it? | 1. ADP, AMP, Pi 2. ATP
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| Glycolysis: Breakdown of what? Anerobic or aerobic? | 1. Carbs 2. Anaerobic
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| You put __ ATP into glycolysis and you get ___ ATP out. | 1. 2 2. 4
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| What is the garbage in glycolysis? What happens when there is an increase in garbage? | 1. NH3 (amonia) 2. Buisness is good therfore the garbage company - glycolysis - is stimulated
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| Rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis? | PFK - phosphofructokinase
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| Glycolysis : Location, Reactants | 1. Cytosol 2. Glucose, ADP, AMP, Pi
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| What type of muscle fibers would contain higher levels of PFK enzyme? Creatine kinase enzyme? | 1. Fast 2. FGast
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| The aerobic system consists of 2 components? | 1. Krebs 2. ETS
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| What does it mean to become oxidized? What is oxidized in the aerobic system? | 1. To steal electrons 2. Carbs, Proteins and Fat
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| When electrons are stolen via the krebs cycle and go to the ETS who eventually gets the electrons? What is made because of this? | 1. Oxygen 2. Water
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| Krebs cycle is located where? ETS is located where? | 1. Matrix of mitochondria 2. Inner membrane of the mitochondria
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| What is the main enzyme for the krebs cycle? | Dehydrogenase
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| When an electron moves down the ETS, it kicks out a what? | Proton
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| What eventually is responsible for ATP production in the aerobic system? | The proton gradient created by the ETS
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| Of the 3 energy producing systems, whichproduces the greatest amount of ATP? | Aerobic system
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| What happens to the percent of FAT burned when we exercise? Carbs? | 1. The percent goes down but the total amount goes up 2. The percent of carbs goes what up when we exercise
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| Low intensity exercise will cause what pathway to go? High intensity? Very high intensity | 1. Aerobic 2. Glycolysis 3. ATP-PC system
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| Respiratory quotient is equal to what? | VCO2/VO2
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| What will be used for fuel when QR is low? RQ is usually in a range between what and what? | 1. Fat 2. 0.7-1
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| What helps you burn fat after you exercise? | Carbs
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| G value of reactants is greater that G value of products makes for a what? Is this favorable or not? | 1. -delta G 2. Favorable
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| A methyl group contains what? An amino group contains what? | 1. CH3 2. N
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| What is often coupled to less favorable reactions allowing them to occur? | Breakdown of ATP
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| What is the delta G for ATP formation, Phosphoenol pyruvate and Creatine phosphate? | 1. +7.3 2. -14.8 3. -10.3
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| An energy charge of 1 will do what to enzyme such as PFK, Creatine Kinase and Dehydrogenase? Why? | 1. It will slow these enzymes down (inhibits ATP generating systems) 2. Because you will have large amounts of ATP already!
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| What does exercise do to an energy charge? What will this tell the cell to do? | 1. Lowers it 2. Produces ATP
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| FAD, FADH2, NAD+, NADH, what is the oxidized form, what is the reduced form? | 1. NAD+, FAD 2. NADH, FADH2
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| Function of NADH and FADH2 | Obtain electron from the macronutrients and then gives them to the ETS
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| Coenzyme A has what type of bonds? What is its function? | 1. Thioester Bonds 2. Holds things for a while
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| What does Kinase do? | Transfer phosohate groups
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| Mutase are __ that do what? | Isomerase that rearange entire groups...not just a single atom
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| Enzyme class that does nothing but steal electrons. What is the process of stealing electrons called? | 1. Dehydrogenase 2. Oxidation
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| Two things glycolysis produces: | 1. ATP 2. Precursors for aerobic system
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| The first half of glycolysis traps ___ inot the cell by doing what? End product? | 1. Glucose by adding a phosphate group to it so it can get out 2. Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate
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| The 2nd half of glycolysis produces ATP by what means? End product? | 1. Splits molecules in two and sets up large -delta G ractions which use this free energy to create ATP 2. Pyruvate
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| Glycolysis: First steps: What does it start with? What enzyme is used? What is created and how? | 1. Glucose 2. Hexokinase 3. Glucose 6 Phosphate by transfering a phosphate from ATP to glucose
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| Glycolysis: second step: What goes to what via which enzyme? | Glucose 6 phosphate --- phosphoglucoisomerase --- Fructose 6 phophate
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| Glycolysis: third step: What goes to what via what enzyme? | Fructose 6 phosphate --- PFK --- Fructoise 1,6, bisphosphate
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| In the second half of glycolysis, fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate splits into 2 molecules? What enzyme? | 1. DHAP (Dehydroxyacetone phosphate) and G3P (Glyceraloehyde 3 - phosphate 2. Aldose
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