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biochem 2. - PCC
First lecture exam - biochem 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main product of glycolysis and four additional products | 1. ATP 2. Pyruvates, Lactic acdi, NADH, Alanine |
| 5 things that stimulate glycolysis | 1. +ADP 2. +AMP 3. +Pi 4. +Amonia 5. +Free Creating |
| 5 things that inhibit glycolysis | 1. +ATP 2. +Creatine phosphate 3. -pH 4. +Citrate 5. +Free fatty acids |
| Aerobic system : reactants and products | 1. Fat, carbs, protein, ADP, AMP, Pi, acetyl, citrate, NAD, FAD 2. ATP, NADH, FADH |
| A molecule having a sulfure in it is a what? | Thioester |
| What molecule is super -delta G allowing many nonfavorable reactions to occur? | Phosphoenolpyruvate (-14.8 Kcal/mol) |
| What 2 molecules have a -delta G allowing things like ATP to be created? | 1. Phosphoenolpyruvate 2. Creatine Phosphate |
| What stimulates energy pathways? What inhibits energy pathway? | 1. Reactants 2. Products |
| ATP-PC system : Is it used in long term activity or short, explosive activity? Fast twitch or slow twitch? | Short explosive activity, fast twitch |
| Regulatory enzyme in the ATP-PC system? | Creatine Kinase |
| Coenzyme A = what type of bond? | Thioester bond |
| ATP-PC system: Location, Reactants, Product | 1. Cytosol 2. ADP, AMP, Pi 3. ATP |
| What stimulates ATP-PC system? What inhibits it? | 1. ADP, AMP, Pi 2. ATP |
| Glycolysis: Breakdown of what? Anerobic or aerobic? | 1. Carbs 2. Anaerobic |
| You put __ ATP into glycolysis and you get ___ ATP out. | 1. 2 2. 4 |
| What is the garbage in glycolysis? What happens when there is an increase in garbage? | 1. NH3 (amonia) 2. Buisness is good therfore the garbage company - glycolysis - is stimulated |
| Rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis? | PFK - phosphofructokinase |
| Glycolysis : Location, Reactants | 1. Cytosol 2. Glucose, ADP, AMP, Pi |
| What type of muscle fibers would contain higher levels of PFK enzyme? Creatine kinase enzyme? | 1. Fast 2. FGast |
| The aerobic system consists of 2 components? | 1. Krebs 2. ETS |
| What does it mean to become oxidized? What is oxidized in the aerobic system? | 1. To steal electrons 2. Carbs, Proteins and Fat |
| When electrons are stolen via the krebs cycle and go to the ETS who eventually gets the electrons? What is made because of this? | 1. Oxygen 2. Water |
| Krebs cycle is located where? ETS is located where? | 1. Matrix of mitochondria 2. Inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| What is the main enzyme for the krebs cycle? | Dehydrogenase |
| When an electron moves down the ETS, it kicks out a what? | Proton |
| What eventually is responsible for ATP production in the aerobic system? | The proton gradient created by the ETS |
| Of the 3 energy producing systems, whichproduces the greatest amount of ATP? | Aerobic system |
| What happens to the percent of FAT burned when we exercise? Carbs? | 1. The percent goes down but the total amount goes up 2. The percent of carbs goes what up when we exercise |
| Low intensity exercise will cause what pathway to go? High intensity? Very high intensity | 1. Aerobic 2. Glycolysis 3. ATP-PC system |
| Respiratory quotient is equal to what? | VCO2/VO2 |
| What will be used for fuel when QR is low? RQ is usually in a range between what and what? | 1. Fat 2. 0.7-1 |
| What helps you burn fat after you exercise? | Carbs |
| G value of reactants is greater that G value of products makes for a what? Is this favorable or not? | 1. -delta G 2. Favorable |
| A methyl group contains what? An amino group contains what? | 1. CH3 2. N |
| What is often coupled to less favorable reactions allowing them to occur? | Breakdown of ATP |
| What is the delta G for ATP formation, Phosphoenol pyruvate and Creatine phosphate? | 1. +7.3 2. -14.8 3. -10.3 |
| An energy charge of 1 will do what to enzyme such as PFK, Creatine Kinase and Dehydrogenase? Why? | 1. It will slow these enzymes down (inhibits ATP generating systems) 2. Because you will have large amounts of ATP already! |
| What does exercise do to an energy charge? What will this tell the cell to do? | 1. Lowers it 2. Produces ATP |
| FAD, FADH2, NAD+, NADH, what is the oxidized form, what is the reduced form? | 1. NAD+, FAD 2. NADH, FADH2 |
| Function of NADH and FADH2 | Obtain electron from the macronutrients and then gives them to the ETS |
| Coenzyme A has what type of bonds? What is its function? | 1. Thioester Bonds 2. Holds things for a while |
| What does Kinase do? | Transfer phosohate groups |
| Mutase are __ that do what? | Isomerase that rearange entire groups...not just a single atom |
| Enzyme class that does nothing but steal electrons. What is the process of stealing electrons called? | 1. Dehydrogenase 2. Oxidation |
| Two things glycolysis produces: | 1. ATP 2. Precursors for aerobic system |
| The first half of glycolysis traps ___ inot the cell by doing what? End product? | 1. Glucose by adding a phosphate group to it so it can get out 2. Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate |
| The 2nd half of glycolysis produces ATP by what means? End product? | 1. Splits molecules in two and sets up large -delta G ractions which use this free energy to create ATP 2. Pyruvate |
| Glycolysis: First steps: What does it start with? What enzyme is used? What is created and how? | 1. Glucose 2. Hexokinase 3. Glucose 6 Phosphate by transfering a phosphate from ATP to glucose |
| Glycolysis: second step: What goes to what via which enzyme? | Glucose 6 phosphate --- phosphoglucoisomerase --- Fructose 6 phophate |
| Glycolysis: third step: What goes to what via what enzyme? | Fructose 6 phosphate --- PFK --- Fructoise 1,6, bisphosphate |
| In the second half of glycolysis, fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate splits into 2 molecules? What enzyme? | 1. DHAP (Dehydroxyacetone phosphate) and G3P (Glyceraloehyde 3 - phosphate 2. Aldose |
Created by:
LrB
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