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Engines

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Question
Answer
show The piston in cylinder no. 1 should be in the correct position for ignition to occur. This is normally about 30° before top center on the compression stroke.  
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What is the purpose of a cold cylinder check?   show
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What is checked on engine runup to determine the operational condition of the engine?   show
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show Begin with cylinder 1, add 11 and subtract 7, whichever will keep the numbers between 1 and 18. 1-12-5-16-9-2-13-6-17-10-3-14-7-18-11-4-15-8.  
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show Piston rings not seating or broken, and valves not seating or burned.  
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show Oil has drained past the piston rings and filled the combustion chamber of cylindersthat are below the center line of the engine, If the crankshaft is turned over with this oil in the cylinder it will lock, and there is a probability that the piston, cy  
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show Remove a spark plug from the locked cylinder and drain all of the oil out. Clean the spark plug and replace it.  
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What is a low-tension ignition system?   show
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What is a floating cam ring on a large radial engine?   show
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show Most horizontally opposed engines have hydraulic valve lifters that keep all of the clearance out of the valve train. Radial engines have solid lifters.  
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Why are both the hot and cold valve clearances given for most radial engines?   show
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What must be inspected to determine the airworthiness of an engine installation?   show
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show Idle RPM and mixture, static RPM, propeller pitch change operation, magneto check, ignition switch safety check, and carburetor heat check.  
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Where can you find the correct grade of fuel and amount of engine lubricating oil for an aircraft engine?   show
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What are the basic steps in troubleshooting an engine installation?   show
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Where do you find the procedures to follow when correcting a defective condition in an aircraft engine?   show
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show In the aircraft maintenance manuaL  
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show The tall of the airplane must be supported.  
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show Spray a preservative oil inside the cylinders and replace the spark plugs with desiccant plugs.  
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show The correct plugs or caps. Never cover the end of a line with tape.  
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show An engine that has been prepared for a quick engine change. The engine is on its mount and all of the accessories are installed. A minimum of time is required to change engines. All that is needed is for the controls, wiring, and fluid lines to be connect  
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show The control on the engine component must contact its stop before the control handle in the cockpit reaches its stop. This causes the control handle to spring back a slight amount when it is moved to the extent of its travel.  
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show a. Before the spark plugs are installed and after the oil tank or sump is filled, turn the engine over with the starter until oil runs out of the fitting to which the oil pressure gage connects.b. Use a pre-oiler tank. Air pressure forces oil through al  
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What is meant by a hot-section inspection?   show
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show The monitoring of the engine performance at regular intervals and determining when maintenance is required based on certain operating parameters specified by the engine manufacturer.  
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What checks of a turbine engine are necessary to verify preflight condition?   show
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show Adjusting the fuel control so the engine develops the correct idle and trim speed RPM.  
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show A JetCal Analyzer/Trimmer has all of the instrumentation and cables to determine the EGT EPR, and the other parameters specified by the engine manufacturer.  
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Where can you find the model of magneto that is approved for an engine specified by the examiner?   show
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What is a Supplemental Type Certificate?   show
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show A form FAA 337 must be completed stating that the installation was done in accordance with the specific STC.  
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show Vane-type flow meters, synchronous mass-type flow meters, and electronic motorless mass flow meters.  
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show The mass of the flow. This is affected by the density of the fuel which is in turn affected by the fuel temperature.  
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show Pounds per hour of fuel flow.  
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show If there are other instrument abnormalities, there are possibly damaged turbine components.  
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show The components can be repaired only by an FAA approved repair station certificated for the particular instruments.  
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Where can you find the electrical power requirements for a fuel flow indicating system?   show
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Where in the fuel system is the fuel flow transmitter located?   show
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What kind of indicating system is used to measure oil temperature in a small, single-engine, general aviation airplane?   show
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show A thermocouple system.  
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What kind of electrical instrument system is used for measuring oil temperature?   show
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show The same as the outside air temperature gage.  
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show The resistance is critical, it must have the resistance specified on the indicator. This is usually 2 or 8 ohms.  
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What should a ratiometer temperature indicator read when the electrical power is off?   show
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What kind of tachometer is used on most small single-engine airplanes?   show
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show Either a dry cable connecting the indicator to the engine, or a kink in the cable housing.  
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Is it permissible for a mechanic with an airframe and powerplant rating to replace the tachometer cable for a magnetic drag tachometer?   show
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show A three-phase AC electric tachometer.  
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What is measured to indicate the engine RPM with a three-phase AC electric tachometer?   show
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show A Bourdon tube.  
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What kind of indicator mechanism is used to measure manifoldpressure?   show
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show The existing barometric pressure as indicated on the altimeter barometric scale when the altimeter pointers are set to the surveyed field elevation.  
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What type of fitting is used to connect an oil pressure gage to the engine?   show
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What is used to fill the line between a fuel pressure gage and the fuel metering system?   show
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What could cause a fuel pressure gage to fluctuate?   show
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Is a certificated mechanic with an airframe and powerplant rating allowed to zero the pointers on a fuel pressure gage?   show
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show A ratiometer measures the resistance of the temperature bulb. The indicator is call-bra ted in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius rather than in ohms.  
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show Normally from 1 .to 25 psL  
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What are four types of engine fire detection systems?   show
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show The thermocouple system.  
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show This is a rate-of-temperature-rise system. The reference junction must be insulated so its temperature will not rise as quickly as that of the measuring junctions if a fire should occur.  
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show Press the test switch. This heats the test thermocouple enough for it to close the sensitive relay, which in turn closes the slave relay and activates the fire warning light and bell.  
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show A kinked or pinched continuous-loop element.  
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If there is a break in a single-wire continuous-loop fire detector element, and the system tests bad, will it indicate the presence of a fire?   show
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How is a pneumatic-type continuous-loop fire detection system checked for operation?   show
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What maintenance is allowed on a continuous-loop fire detection system?   show
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What happens in a jet transport airplane when the fire-pull T-handle for anengine is pulled?   show
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What is used as a fire extinguishing agent in some older aircraft?   show
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What fire extinguishing agent is used in the high-rate discharge bottles installed in a jet transport aircraft?   show
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show A powder charge is ignited and it blows a cutter through a frangible disk that seals the bottle.  
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show The current used to check the integrity of the electric circuit must not be high enough to ignite the powder charge.  
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What is indicated if the red discharge indicator for a fire extinguishing system is blown out?   show
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show The system has been discharged by actuating the bottle discharge switch.  
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What color and marking is used to idsntify the fluid lines that carry the fire extinguishing agent in an aircraft?   show
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When should the brushes in a starter motor be replaced?   show
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How is the direction of rotation of a DC electric motor reversed?   show
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What is used as the rectifier to produce direct current in a DC generator?   show
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What is used as the rectifier to produce direct current in a DC alternator?   show
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Is a starter motor series-wound or shunt-wound?   show
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What are two ways wires can be attached to the pins in a cannon plug?   show
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Why is stranded wire used rather than solid wire, in most powerplant electrical systems?   show
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What two things must be considered in selection of wire size when making an electrical installation in an aircraft?   show
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What must be done to a DC generator, after it has been overhauled, before it can produce electricity?   show
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show An alternator field is excited by battery current and residual voltage is not used to start the alternator producing current.  
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What is used to protect a wire bundle from chafing where it passes through a hole in a bulkhead or frame?   show
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How are electrical wires protected where they pass through an area of high temperature?   show
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What is the minimum separation allowed between a wire bundle and a fluid line that carries combustible fluid or oxygen?   show
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show The starter motor circuit.  
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What is a starter-generator?   show
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show When the wiring passes through an area in the aircraft where open wiring could likely be damaged, such as through a wheel welL  
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show A circuit breaker that opens a circuit any time an excessive amount of current flows, regardless of the position of the circuit breaker’s operating handle.  
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show Forward.  
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Why are protective covers placed over some switches in an aircraft electrical circuit?   show
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What is straight mineral oil?   show
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show A mineral lubricating oil containing additives that disperse the contaminants throughout the oil so they will not clump and clog oil passages. There are no ash-forming additives in AD oil.  
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show A lubricating oil that is made by chemically changing the nature of an oil base to give it the heeded characteristics. Synthetic oil is the primary oil for turbine engines.  
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show No, automotive and aviation oils are formulated for entirely different operating conditions.  
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What is meant by a multiviscosity oil?   show
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show a. Reduces friction.b. Seals and cushions.c. Removes heat.d. Cleans inside the engine.e. Protects against corrosion.f. Performs hydraulic action.  
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Where can you find the grade of engine oil specified for a particular aircraftl   show
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What components in a reciprocating-engine lubrication system must be inspected on a 100-hour or annual inspection?   show
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What two instruments show the condition of a reciprocating-engine lubrication system?   show
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show It should be cut open and the pleated element examhed to determine the type and amount of contamhant carried by the oil.  
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What is a spectrometric oil analysis program?   show
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What is the purpose of an air-oil separator, or deaerator, in a turbine engine oil tank?   show
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show A dipstick that measures the quantity of oil in the tank or sump.  
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When should the engine oil quantity be checked on a turbine engine?   show
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Where is the oil temperature measured on a reciprocating engine?   show
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How is oil pressure regulated in an aircraft engine?   show
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show The oil picks up contaminants and carries them through the engine where they can cause wear. The oil also becomes acidic and causes corrosion in the engine.  
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show The restricted fitting helps dampen any pulsations in the oil pressure caused by the pump.  
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What is a hot-tank lubrication system for a turbojet engine?   show
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What is a cold-tank lubrication system for a turbojet engine?   show
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What is the main advantage of a magneto ignition system over a battery ignition system for an aircraft reciprocating engine?   show
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What is the function of the capacitor in a magneto?   show
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show The primary circuit is connected to ground.  
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show Internally timing a magneto consists of adjusting the breaker points so they will open at the instant the rotating magnet is in its E-gap position, and the distributor rotor is in position to direct the high voltage to cylinder number one.  
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In what position should the ignition switch be placed when using a timing light on the magnetos?   show
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show High-intensity, intermittent-duty, capacitor discharge ignition systems.  
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What is the E-gap in magneto timing?   show
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What is the function of an impulse coupling?   show
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show Two.  
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show High-voltage systems and low-voltage systems.  
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With which type of turbine-engine ignition system is a glow plug igniter used?   show
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How is the strength of the magnet in a magneto checked?   show
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show It is a few degrees beyond its neutral position. When it is in this position, the breaker points open and the primary current is interrupted. The flux change in the coil core is the greatest.  
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show In its E-gap position, just a few degrees beyond its neutral position.  
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show The ignition switch is not grounding the magneto primary circuit.  
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show A high-voltage electrical leakage detector.  
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show A shielded spark plug that has a recess in the shielding in which a resilient grommet on the ignition lead forms a watertight seal.  
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show The length of the threads on the spark plug that screw into the cylinder head.  
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What is the difference between a hot spark plug and a cold spark plug?   show
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show Fine-wire spark plugs have a firmg end that is more open than that of a massive electrode sparkplug. The open firing end allows the gases that contain lead to be purged from the spark plug so they will not form solid lead contaminates.  
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Why is it important that the spark plugs be kept in numbered holes in a tray when they are removed from an engine?   show
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Why is it important that a torque wrench always be used when installing spark- plugs in an aircraft engine?   show
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show A round wire gage.  
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show A starter-generator.  
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show a. Current flows into the starter relay which closes and actuates the ignition exciter.b. Current flows through the series motor coils of the starter generator and rotates the engine until it starts.  
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show a. The starter relay opens, shutting off current to the ignition exciter and the motor windings in the starter-generator.b. The generator field relay is closed connecting the voltage regulator to the starter- generator.c. The output of the generator f  
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What is indicated if the starter relay chatters rather than locks in, when the start switch is placed in the START position?   show
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show They are light weight for the torque they produce.  
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Where does an air-turbine starter get its air for starting the engines on a jet transport airplane?   show
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What is the purpose of the shear section in an air-turbine drive shaft?   show
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What prevents too high an air pressure from overspeeding an air-turbine starter?   show
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Where does an air-turbine starter get it lubricating oil?   show
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show Magnetic chip detectors warn of any metal contamination in the oil.  
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What parameters are normally sensed by a turbine-engine fuel control?   show
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show Adjusting the fuel control for the proper specific gravity of the fuel and for the proper idle and full throttle RPM.  
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show Supervisory Electronic Engine Control and Full-Authority Digital Electronic ControL  
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show A Full-Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC) is a high-precision digital electronic fuel control that functions during all engine operations. It includes the Electronic Engine Control (EEC) and functions with the Flight Management Computer (FMC) to  
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Does a turbine engine controlled by a FADEC require manual trimming?   show
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show Any time there is a decrease in engine thrust, and after any maintenance that the manufacturer specifies as requiring retrimming.  
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Are the instruments installed in an aircraft suitable for use when trimming a turbine engine?   show
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What specifications are used to trim a turbine engine?   show
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show In a shaded area as near the engine inlet as is practical.  
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show It is a fuel pump that senses the ambient air pressure and maintains the fuel pressure a specific amount above this air pressure.  
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What would likely cause a reciprocating engine equipped with a float carburetor to hesitate momentarily when the throttle is rapidly advanced from idle to full power?   show
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show The air density decreases as the aircraft ascends, causing the mixture to become richer. The mixture control allows the fuel to be decreased to maintain a fuel-air mixture ratio that produces the desired power.  
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show Teledyne Continental (TCM) system and Precision Airmotive (Bendix) system.  
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What is used in the TCM fuel injection system to control the amount of fuel sent to the nozzles?   show
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What is used in the Precision Airmotive system to control the amount of fuel sent to the nozzles?   show
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show Finger strainers are located in the tank outlet, the main strainer, located at the lowest point in the fuel system, and strainers in the carburetor or fuel injection system.  
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What are two types of fuel heaters used in a jet transport aircraft?   show
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show Centrifugal pumps.  
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show a. Idling RPM by adjusting the throttle stop.b. Idling mixture by adjusting idle needle valve.  
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What are three functions of the boost pump in the tank of a jet transportaircraft?   show
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show When liquid fuel evaporates it absorbs enough heat from the air to cause moisture to condense out and freeze.  
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Does the application of carburetor heat cause the fuel-air mixture to become richéror leaner?   show
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show The RPM drops.  
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show The air that flows into the engine when carburetor heat is applied is not filtered.  
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show In a fuel-injected engine, the liquid fuel evaporates in the intake valve chamber of the hot cylinder head.  
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show Hot compressor bleed air flows through passages in these components to keep them too warm for ice to form.  
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What does a fuel-injected engine have that prevents the loss of induction air, if the air inlet filter should become covered with ice?   show
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show That cylinder would run lean and detonation could occur.  
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show Clogged air filters can restrict the air entering the engine.  
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What is meant by pressure cooling of an air-cooled engine?   show
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show Allot the baffles and air seals must be in place and in good condition.  
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Why should an air-cooled engine not be run up to high power without the cowling installed?   show
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show Cowl flaps produce a low pressure on one side of the engine to pull air through the cooling fins on the cylinders.  
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Where can you find what is the maximum amount of cylinder fin area that can be removed in order to clean out a damaged area?   show
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What document describes the proper use of cowl flaps on an air-cooled engine?   show
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How does a leak appear in an engine exhaust system?   show
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How can you check an exhaust system for leaks?   show
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show Bellows and ball joints prevent leakage while allowing contraction and expansion.  
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What type of damage is most common in the exhaust system of a reciprocating engine?   show
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Should a turbocharged engine be started with the waste gate open or closed?   show
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Why are thrust reversers not normally used when the airplane is moving below approximately 60 knots?   show
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show A thrust reverser that sildes a pair of scoop-shaped doors aft and opens them so they block the rearward flow of gases and deflect the gases forward.  
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show A portion of the fan cowl moves rearward, and a series of blocker doors deflect the fan discharge air through fan cascades that direct the discharge air forward. At the same time, blocker doors shut off the flow of gases from the core engine and deflect i  
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show This is the engine in a multi-en gine airplane whose RPMs follow those set on the master engine.  
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show The pilot moves the propeller pitch control. This changes the compression on the speeder spring inside the governor which moves the pilot valve. The pilot valve directs oil into or out of the propeller to change the pitch of the blades. The change in pitc  
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How is ice prevented from forming on propeller blades?   show
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show An electrothermal deicing system is used. Electrical heating elements are embedded in rubber boots that are bonded to the leading edges of the blades. Low-voltage DC flows from the propeller deicer control through brushes and sllp rings to the heating ele  
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show Observe the loadmeter or ammeter to see if the proper current is flowing, and follow the sequence of boot heating by feeling with your hands to see which one is heating. The boots should all have a similar heat rise in the same length of time.  
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How are propellers on a twin-engine airplane synchronized?   show
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show In the maintenance manual for the propeller.  
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Who, or what facility, is authorized to perform major repairs to a propeller?   show
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What checks and maintenance is a mechanic with a powerplant rating allowedto make on a propeller?   show
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show Adjust the maximum RPM stop.  
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show The engine and propeller combination have a resonant frequency problem in which excessive vibration can occur in a certain range of RPM. The tachometer for an aircraft with this limitation is marked with a red arc. When it is necessaiy to pass through thi  
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What is the difference between a controllable propeller and a constant-speed propeller?   show
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Does centrifugal twisting moment on a propeller blade tend to move the blades toward high pitch or toward low pitch?   show
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Do the counterweights on a propeller tend to move the blades toward high pitch or toward low pitch?   show
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show The compression of the speeder spring.  
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show The accumulator stores oil under pressure when the engine is operating normally. This oil is used to help the propeller blades move toward low pitch when the propeller is being unfeathered.  
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show This is the mode of ground operation, and it includes starting, taxiing, and ground reverse operation.  
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What is meant by the alpha range of operation of a turboprop propeller?   show
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show Oil is allowed to drain out of the propeller.  
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What keeps a McCauley feathering propeller from feathering when the engine is shutdown on the ground?   show
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Should an adjustable-pitch propeller be in high pitch or in low pitch for takeoff?   show
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show High-pressure engine oil is directed into the propeller through the governor.  
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show It should be in the low-pitch, high RPM position.  
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show Install a spacer behind the rear cone to move the propeller forward on the shaft.  
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What is the function of the snap ring inside the hub of a propeller that is mounted on a tapered or splined shaft?   show
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show The relationship between the propeller and the engine crankshaft is chosen to produce the minimum vibration.  
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show A universal propeller protractor.  
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show At a distance from the center of the propeller hub. This distance is specified in the propeller maintenance manual in terms of propeller blade stations.  
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What is the extent of the repairs a mechanic with a powerplant rating can make to a propeller?   show
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Where can examples of acceptable repairs to aluminum alloy propeller blades be found?   show
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show No, this could cause hidden damage that may render the blade nonrepairable.  
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show Major repair.  
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show No, a transverse crack of any size is reason for rejecting the blade.  
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What damage to an aluminum alloy propeller blade can be repaired by a mechanic holding a powerplant rating?   show
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How are small nicks removed from the leading edge of a propeller blade?   show
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Who is allowed to reduce the diameter of a type certificated propeller?   show
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How can you determine that a surface scratch in an aluminum alloy propeller blade is not actually a crack?   show
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show In the tall cone of the fuselage.  
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What is the function of an APU?   show
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What are two sources of compressed air from an APU?   show
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show In section 4920.  
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How is most of the troubleshooting done for a modern APU?   show
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What ensures that an APU will not be shut down while it is too hot?   show
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show The FADEC monitors the load and regulates the fuel going to the APU to prevent it from exceeding its safe limits.  
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show The maintenance manual for the APU.  
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