Bob Jones Chemistry - Chapter 19
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| addition polymer | A polymer that forms when monomers containing carbon-carbon double (or triple) bonds open their bonds and create new single bonds available for the addition of new monomers; also called chain-growth polymers.
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| branched polymer | An addition polymer with side chains that make the molecule less rigid, such as in low-density polyethylene.
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| buckyball | The most common and stable of the fullerene molecules; consists of 60 carbon atoms that are arranged in the shape of a soccer ball (20 hexagons and 12 pentagons).
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| carbon nanotube | A nanoscopic fullerene tube made of pure carbon atoms that has highly beneficial uses in technology. It was originally called a buckytube.
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| ceramic-based composite | One of the three general categories of advanced ceramics formulated to provide new or enhanced ceramic properties - high strength and high temperature tolerance. It may be formed from oxide and nonoxide ceramic combinations.
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| ceramics | Nonmetallic and inorganic solid materials formed by shaping and firing a mixture until it hardens. They are crystalline in structure with regularly repeating unit cells.
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| condensation polymer | A polymer formed by condensation reactions in which two molecules combine, releasing a smaller molecule (usually water) as the bond forms.
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| copolymer | A polymer formed by bonding two or more different monomers.
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| cross-linked polymer | An addition polymer that is bonded at various positions to nearby polymer molecules, resulting in a stronger molecule such as cross-linked polyethylene; also called a thermoset.
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| doping | The process of adding or removing valence electrons in the crystal lattice of a semiconducting element.
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| elastomer | A polymer that exhibits rubbery or elastic behavior after formation.
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| fullerene | A class of carbon molecules in which carbon atoms are arranged in the form of a hollow sphere or cylinder.
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| linear polymer | An addition polymer without branches or cross-linking. Its structure causes increased rigidity, such as in high-density polyethylene.
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| monomer | A simple molecule that can link with other monomers to form very large molecules called polymers.
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| nanotechnology | The branch of science that combines the disciplines of chemistry, engineering, and materials science to manipulate atomic or molecular substances for the purpose of creating useful products to benefit mankind.
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| n-type semiconductor | A semiconductor that has more electrons than holes, creating a negative charge in a crystal lattice.
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| plastic | Polymers that can be formed into different shapes, usually when heated or pressurized.
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| p-type semiconductor | A semiconductor that has more holes than electrons, creating a positive charge in a crystal lattice.
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| sol-gel process | A method that combines liquid and solid colloids to produce advanced ceramics that are simple, economic, and of high quality.
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| thermoplastic polymer | A plastic that can be heated and then reshaped into other forms.
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| thermosetting polymer | A plastic that is created by irreversible chemical reactions that make it difficult or impossible to melt and reshape; also called a thermoset.
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| vulcanization | A chemical reaction in which natural rubber is heated with sulfur to high temperatures, causing the formation of cross links within the substance and strengthening the rubber for practical purposes.
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