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BJU Chemistry Ch 19
Bob Jones Chemistry - Chapter 19
Term | Definition |
---|---|
addition polymer | A polymer that forms when monomers containing carbon-carbon double (or triple) bonds open their bonds and create new single bonds available for the addition of new monomers; also called chain-growth polymers. |
branched polymer | An addition polymer with side chains that make the molecule less rigid, such as in low-density polyethylene. |
buckyball | The most common and stable of the fullerene molecules; consists of 60 carbon atoms that are arranged in the shape of a soccer ball (20 hexagons and 12 pentagons). |
carbon nanotube | A nanoscopic fullerene tube made of pure carbon atoms that has highly beneficial uses in technology. It was originally called a buckytube. |
ceramic-based composite | One of the three general categories of advanced ceramics formulated to provide new or enhanced ceramic properties - high strength and high temperature tolerance. It may be formed from oxide and nonoxide ceramic combinations. |
ceramics | Nonmetallic and inorganic solid materials formed by shaping and firing a mixture until it hardens. They are crystalline in structure with regularly repeating unit cells. |
condensation polymer | A polymer formed by condensation reactions in which two molecules combine, releasing a smaller molecule (usually water) as the bond forms. |
copolymer | A polymer formed by bonding two or more different monomers. |
cross-linked polymer | An addition polymer that is bonded at various positions to nearby polymer molecules, resulting in a stronger molecule such as cross-linked polyethylene; also called a thermoset. |
doping | The process of adding or removing valence electrons in the crystal lattice of a semiconducting element. |
elastomer | A polymer that exhibits rubbery or elastic behavior after formation. |
fullerene | A class of carbon molecules in which carbon atoms are arranged in the form of a hollow sphere or cylinder. |
linear polymer | An addition polymer without branches or cross-linking. Its structure causes increased rigidity, such as in high-density polyethylene. |
monomer | A simple molecule that can link with other monomers to form very large molecules called polymers. |
nanotechnology | The branch of science that combines the disciplines of chemistry, engineering, and materials science to manipulate atomic or molecular substances for the purpose of creating useful products to benefit mankind. |
n-type semiconductor | A semiconductor that has more electrons than holes, creating a negative charge in a crystal lattice. |
plastic | Polymers that can be formed into different shapes, usually when heated or pressurized. |
p-type semiconductor | A semiconductor that has more holes than electrons, creating a positive charge in a crystal lattice. |
sol-gel process | A method that combines liquid and solid colloids to produce advanced ceramics that are simple, economic, and of high quality. |
thermoplastic polymer | A plastic that can be heated and then reshaped into other forms. |
thermosetting polymer | A plastic that is created by irreversible chemical reactions that make it difficult or impossible to melt and reshape; also called a thermoset. |
vulcanization | A chemical reaction in which natural rubber is heated with sulfur to high temperatures, causing the formation of cross links within the substance and strengthening the rubber for practical purposes. |