Lab Tests and Values
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| Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) - Description | Collected to evaluate acid-base status; ventilation and oxygenation of arterial blood
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| PaO2 | Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; 80-100mm Hg (97 at sea level)
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| SaO2 | Percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin; 95098%
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| PaCO2 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; 35-45 mm Hg (40 at sea level); connected to blood pH which can affect nervous system
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| HCO3- | Bicarbonate - important part of chemical buffering system that keeps blood from becoming too acidic or too basic (causing convulsions or coma)
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| pH | Blood acid balance; 7.35-7.45 (7.4)
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| Acidemia | elevated acidity of the blood (<7.35)
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| Alkalemia | Decreased acidity of the blood (>7.45)
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| Hypoxemia | Low level of O2 in arterial blood (<80)
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| Hypoxia | Low level of O2 despite adequate perfusion of the tissue
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| Cholesterol test | AKA Lipid panel or profile; tests amount of cholesterol and triglycerides to determine risk of atherosclerosis; measures - total cholesterol (200mg/dL good; 240 bad), HDL, LDL and triglycerides
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| High-Density Lipoprotein | HDL; "Good"; carries away LDL's and protects against atherogenesis; 40 mg/dL low, 60 high
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| Low-Density Lipoprotein | LDL; "Bad"; associated with fatty plaques that build up in arteries; 100 mg/dL good, 190 bad
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| Triglycerides | Typically high in overweight people; those who consume too many sweets or alcohol; people who have diabetes with high blood sugar; 150 mg/dL good; 500+ bad
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| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | Measures red blood cell count, total white blood cell differential, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit;
Performed to assess health, diagnose/monitor medical conditions, and monitor effects of medical treatments
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| Hematocrit (HCT) | Percentage of RBC's in total cell volume; high may indicate dehydration or polycythemia vera (over production of RBC's)
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| Erythrocyte Count | Adult males - 4.3-5.6 x 10^6/ml
Adult females - 4-5.2 x 10^6/ml
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| Leukocyte Count | Total - 3.54-9.06 x 10^3/mm^3
Platelet - 164-415x 10^3/mm^3
PTT - 26.3039.4 sec
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| Hematocrit Count | Adult males - 38.8%-46.4%
Adult females - 35.4%-44.4%
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| Hemoglobin Count | Adult males - 13.3-16.2 gm/dL
Adult females - 12-15.8 gm/dL
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| Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) | AKA Prothrombin Time (PT); measure how quickly the blood clots; to monitor anticoagulant therapy or screen for blood disorders; measure all clotting factors except platelets
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| Ambulatory Electrocardiography | AKA Holter monitor; ECG electrodes warm attached to small machine carried; measures cardiac rythm, afficacy of medications, and pacemakre function over 24-48 hours
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| Angiography | Radiology; injects a contrast medium into blood vessels and imaging; can show location of plaques and extent of occlusion
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| Bronchoscopy | Direct visualization of bronchial tree; fiberoptic instrument with camera; used to identify tumors, bronchitis, foreign bodies, and bleeding; aid in biopsy
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| Cardiac Catheterization | Thin catheter inserted into artery in arm or leg and advanced to coronary artery `where a contrast dye is injected; evaluate stenosis or occlusion, BP in heart and O2 in blood; used during some surgeries
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| Chest Radiograph | Visual location, size and shape of heart, lungs, blood vessels, ribs, and bones of spine; can reveal fluid in lungs or pleural space, pneumonia, emphysema, cancer, etc.
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| Computed Tomography | AKA CT Scan; x-ray machine rotates around a patient; information creates a picture of the organ
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| Echocardiography (ECG) | High frequency sound waves to evaluate functioning heart non invasively; provides info on size and function of ventricles, thickness of septums, and function of components
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| Fluoroscopy | Continuous Xray procedure that shows the heart and lungs; relatively high dose radiation; electrophysiological testing; used less and less
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| Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring | Continuous monitoring of pressure, volume and temp through intra-arterial catheters
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| Swan-Ganz Catheter | Balloon catheter; often used in the pulmonary artery to measure pulmonary artery wedge pressure and left arterial pressure
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Uses magnetic feild and radio waves to create 3-D pic of heart a blood vessels; used to assess size and function of chambers and walls, to asses damage and blockages; can be used for mediastinum but not lungs
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| Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) | AKA Stress Test; Shows how well the heart is perfused at rest and under exercise stress; injection at rest and at peak activity + imaging can reveal narrowing of arteries
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| Venography | Radiopaque dye injected into vein + x-ray to detect clot or blockage
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