Ch 10 Chem
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| energy | the ability to do work or produce heat
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| potential energy | energy due to position or composition
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| kinetic energy | energy due to the motion of the object
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| law of conservation of energy | energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed
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| frictional heating | energy transferred to a surface as heat
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| state function | a property of a system that does not depend on the pathway
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| temperature | a measure of the random motions (average kinetic energy) of the components of a substance
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| heat | flow of energy due to temperature difference
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| thermal energy | the random motions of the components of an object
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| heat energy | the way in which thermal energy is transferred from a hotter object to a colder object
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| thermodynamics | study of energy
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| first law of thermodynamics | the energy of the universe is constant (aka the law of conservation of energy)
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| internal energy (E) | the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the "particles" in the system
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| system | the part of the universe on which we wish to focus attention
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| surroundings | includes everything else in the universe
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| exothermic | refers to a process in which energy (as heat) flows out of the system and into the surroundings (i.e. heat released)
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| endothermic | refers to a process in which energy (as heat) flows out of the surroundings into the system (heat is absorbed)
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| calorimetry | the study of heat transferred in a chemical reaction
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| calorimeter | an insulated apparatus containing a liquid reservoir in which the ration occurs
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| calorie | the amount of energy (heat) needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius
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| Joule | 1 calorie = 4.184 joules
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| heat capacity (C) | the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance 1 degree celsius
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| specific heat capacity | the amount of energy required to change the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 degree celsius
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| thermochemistry | the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and changes in state
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| enthalpy (H) | the energy (heat) flow of a system at constant pressure
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| thermochemical equation | a chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change
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| heat of reaction | enthalpy change/heat released or absorbed in a chemical reaction (depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction), reported as *triangle* H
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| heat of combustion | heat of reaction for the complete burning of one mole of a substance
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| molar heat of fusion | heat absorbed by 1 mol of a substance in freezing at a constant temperature
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| molar heat of solidification | the heat released by 1 mol of a substance in freezing at a constant temperature
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| molar heat of vaporization | the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a given liquid at a constant temperature
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| molar heat of condensation | the amount of heat released when one mole of a vapor condenses at its normal boiling point
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| molar heat of solution | the enthalpy change caused by the dissolution of one mole of substance
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| hess's law | the change in enthalpy going from a given set of reactants to a given set of products does not depend on the number of steps in the reaction
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| hess's law of heat summation | if you add two or more thermochemical equations to give a final equation, then you can also add the heats of reaction to give the final heat of reaction
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| standard heat of formation | the change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements with all substances in their standard states
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| entropy | a measure of disorder or randomness
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| second law of thermodynamics | the entropy of the universe is always increasing
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