vitamins
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are different temperatures | Heat
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| ________ is the measure of thermal energy | Temperature
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| What is energy | Energy is the capacity to do work
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| Energy that comes from the sun and is earth's primary energy source | Radiant energy
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| Energy that is associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules | Thermal energy
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| Energy that is stored within the bonds of chemical substances | Chemical energy
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| Energy that is stored within the collections of neutrons and protons in the atom | Nuclear energy
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| Energy that is available by virtue of an object's position | Potential energy
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| Thermochemistry | The study of heat change in chemical reactions
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| System | The specific part of the universe that is of interest in the study
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| Endothermic process | Any process in which heat has to be supplied to the system from the surroundings
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| Exothermic process | Any process that gives off heat transfers thermal energy from the system to the surroundings
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| Thermodynamics | The scientific study of the interconversion of heat and other kinds of energy
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| State function | Properties that are determined by the state of the system, regardless of how that condition was achieved.
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| Heat given off by the system to the surroundings | Exothermic
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| Heat absorbed by the system from the surroundings | Endothermic
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| First law of thermodynamics | Energy can be converted from one form to another, but can not be created or destroyed
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| Chemical energy lost by combustion= | =energy gained by the surroundings
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| Enthalpy(H) | Used to quantify heat flow into or out of a system in a process that occurs at constant pressure
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| Heat given off or absorbed during a reaction at constant pressure | Enthalpy
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| The stoichiometric coefficients always refer to the number of ______ of a substance | Moles
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| Specific heat (s) of a substance | The amount of heat (q) required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree celsius
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| Heat capacity (C) of a substance | The amount of heat required (q) to raise the temperature of a given quantity (m) of the substance by one degree Celsius
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| Hess law | When reactants are converted to products, the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps
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| Lattice Energy (U) | The energy required to completely separate one Mile of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions
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| Heat of Hydration | The enthalpy change associated with the hydration process
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| Heat of Dilution | Heat change associated with the dilution process
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| Thermodynamics | Scientific study of the interconversion of heat and other kinds of energy
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| State of a system | The value of all relevant macroscopic properties such as: composition, energy, temperature, pressure, volume, etc
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| State functions (E, P, V, T) | Properties that are determined by the state of the system regardless of how that condition was achieved
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| First law of thermodynamics | Energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed (Law of conversation of energy)
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| Work (w) | Force times distance
Fâ¢d
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| Energy | The capacity to do work
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| Law of conservation of energy | The total quantity of energy in the universe is assumed constant
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| Heat | The transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperature. Heat flows from "hot" object to "cold" object. Heat can be either absorbed or released.
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| Open system | Can exchange mass and energy, usually in the form of heat, with its surrounding
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| Closed system | Allows only energy transfer (not mass) between system and surrounding
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| Isolated system | No heat nor mass exchange between system and surrounding
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| Surrounding | The rest of the universe outside the system
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| Extensive property Can't be measured directly | Enthalpy
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| Enthalpy of reaction | H > 0 endothermic
H < 0 exothermic
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| Calorimetry | The measure of heat exchanges
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| The amount of heat (q) | Is equal to the product of the mass of the object and its specific heat times the change of its temperature
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| Standard state | P= 1atm
T= 25â¢c
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| Standard enthalpy of formation | The heat change that results when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements at 1atm pressure
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| Avogadros law | At a constant temperature & pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas particles
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| Real gas | Doesn't behave like ideal gases due to the interaction between the molecules & gas molecules regardless of size, has infinitesimal volume. They behave according to the van der waals equation
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| Charles law | For a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas
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| Ideal gas law | Hypothetical gas where P-V-T behavior can be completely accounted for by the ideal gas equation
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| STP Standard Temperature & Pressure | R = PV/nT
P= 1atm
V= 22.414l
n= 1mol
T= 273.15k
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| Boyles Law | For fixed amount of gas at constant temperature the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas
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| T/F For any endothermic process, the temperature of the surrounding is warmer than the system | False
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| T/F In all electromagnetic radiations, those having high frequencies would also have large wavelengths | False
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| T/F According to the quantum numbers, there is a "4d" orbital | True
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| T/F At constant pressure, the reaction: 2NH3(g)----> 3H2(g)+N2(g) is a system that does work on the surrounding | True
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| T/F Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of substance by 1â¢c | False
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| T/F For a given element, the size of its cation is generally smaller than its anion | True
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| T/F Given the specific heat of aluminum is 0.900 J/gâ¢c and iron is 0.444J/gâ¢c. It would take longer to raise the temperature of iron by 1â¢c than that of aluminum under the same heat condition | False
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| T/F Nitrogen has five valence electrons | True
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| T/F The ground state of an electron in an element is when the electron is most stable | True
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| T/F Despite the fact boron and magnesium are in different groups, it is found that they have many similarities in their chemical behaviors. | False
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