AQA GCSE chapter 13 Pollution
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| Write a word equation to show the combustion of Pentane (a chemical found in crude oil) | Pentane + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water (did you say Pentane Oxide ooops; better learn this one!!!)
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| Write the balanced equation for the reaction of Pentane, a chemical found in crude oil, C5H12 with Oxygen | C5H12 + 8 O2 --> 5 CO2 + 6 H2O (always start by writing the word equation! Then formulae! Then balance)
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| Name two Greenhouse gases | Carbon Dioxide and Methane
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| Describe how the Greenhouse effect warms the Earth | 1)Visible rays from the Sun 2) are absorbed by the Earth 3)Earth radiates InfraRed 4)Some IR escapes into space 5)Greenhouse gases absorb IR from Earth 6)this warms the Earth
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| CHALLENGE: what happens to greenhouse gases when they absorb infrared radiation? | the BONDS vibrate more
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| Why are scientists worried that the levels of Carbon Dioxide are increasing? | 1)because CO2 is a greenhouse gas 2)the higher the concentration of greenhouse gases the more heat (Infra red) is absorbed
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| What is the evidence that increased levels of CO2 cause the Greenhouse effect? | There is a correlation over 150 000 of years: the HIGHER CO2 levels, the HIGHER the temperature (a correlation is a MORE MORE statement)
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| What is the evidence that increased levels of CO2 does NOT cause the Greenhouse effect? | Sometimes when the levels of CO2 are high, the temperature decreases (ie the trend is not valid ALL the time)
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| List 3 possible consequences of global warming | 1)rising sea levels; 2)extreme weather pattern 3)changes to climate (amount and timing of rainfall) that may lead to species being wiped out
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| What is a Carbon Footprint? | The amount of Carbon Dioxide and other Greenhouse gases produced by an activity
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| Describe Carbon Capture and Storage | When Carbon Dioxide is trapped, then pumped deep underground in porous rocks, or deep under the ocean
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| Describe a few measures that the Government can take to reduce the levels of CO2 | Taxing fossil fuels; provide incentives to insulate your homes or install renewable sources of energy; encourage biofuels
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| What is a biofuel? | Fuels made from plants; when the next crop of plants grows, it absorbs the CO2 emitted by the combustion of the first crop
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| Describe a few things that You could do to reduce your carbon footprint | Walking/Cycling/take public transport instead of taking cars; taking shorter showers; switch off lights
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| What is complete combustion? | When the products of combustion are carbon dioxide and water only
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| What is incomplete combustion? | When the products of combustion are carbon (soot, also called particulates), carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide and water
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| Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? | Carbon Monoxide binds stronger to the Haemoglobin in the red blood cells; and prevents Oxygen from binding; as Oxygen is not transported anymore, cells are unable to produce energy and die.
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| Why does incomplete combustion take place? | there is not enough oxygen
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| How does Sulfur Dioxide form? | When Sulfur IMPURITIES in the fossil fuels burn in Oxygen
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| What does Sulfur Dioxide becomes if it goes in the atmosphere? | Sulfur Dioxide reacts with water to form Sulfuric Acid
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| What is the consequence of acid rain | lakes are becoming acidic and fih die; the acid rain corrodes metals and limestone buildings
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| How can we reduce acid rain? | neutralise the sulphur dioxide in factories chimneys by reacting the sulphur dioxide with calcium oxide; also by removing sulphur from fossil fuels
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| How do cars produce Nitrogen Oxides? | when the temperature of the engine is HIGH, then the Nitrogen FROM the air reacts with the Oxygen FROM the air
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| Is this equation balanced? CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O | No; there are 4H on the left but only 2 on the right; the correct equation should be CH4 + 2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O
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| What is the balanced equation for the combustion of methane? | CH4 + 2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O
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| What is the formula of Methane? | CH4
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| What is complete combustion? | When there is PLENTY of oxygen for a fuel to burn
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| What are the products of complete combustion of a Hydrocarbon? | Carbon Dioxide and Water
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| What are the products of Incomplete Combustion? | Soot, Carbon Monoxide and Water
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| What is the Hazard of Carbon Monoxide? | Toxic
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| What is the formula of Carbon Monoxide? | CO
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| What is the formula of Carbon Dioxide? | CO2
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| WHat is the impurity found in fossil fuels that leads to acid rain? | Sulfur
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| What is the pollution created by Sulphur Dioxide? | Acid Rain
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| What is the pollution created by Carbon Dioxide? | Greenhouse effect
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| What gas is causing acid rain? | Sulphur Dioxide
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| What gas is causing the Greenhouse effect? | Carbon Dioxide
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| Name a natural source of Carbon Dioxide | Volcanic eruption
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| Name a human activity that produces Carbon Dioxide | Burning fossil fuel
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| Why is there more Carbon Dioxide in Winter than in summer? | It is colder so people burn fuel to keep warm
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| What is the evidence that humans are responsible for causing the Greenhouse effect? | Levels of CO2 have increased steadily since the Industrial Revlution
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| What is the evidence that increased levels of CO2 are due to a natural cause? | Levels of CO2 have risen up and down for millions of year.
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| Name 2 things that chemists are trying to do to remove CO2 from the atmosphere | Place iron in the Oceans to encourage plankton growth Convert CO2 into Hydrocarbons
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