WGU Ethics terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| It suggests that an action will initiate a chain of events culminating in some significant impact. | Slippery slope defense
🗑
|
||||
| What is a philosophical doctrine that says all knowledge is derived from our senses. | Empiricism
🗑
|
||||
| what British thinker refuted the concept of "innate ideas" and insisted that all human knowledge was of empiric origin. | John Locke (1632-1704)
🗑
|
||||
| Other leading empiricists are _______ and _______. | David Hume (1711-1776), George Berkeley (1685-1753)
🗑
|
||||
| What is denied that any knowledge we have is innate to being human. | Empiricism
🗑
|
||||
| Who believed that knowledge of the world is limited because our senses and reason were limited. | Empiricists
🗑
|
||||
| We are blank slates who only get knowledge through our senses of the world. This is considered what? | Empiricism
🗑
|
||||
| Whose moral behavior is based on pleasure (good) and pain (evil). We decide morality by our senses. Humans are not born with innate knowledge. | The Empiricists
🗑
|
||||
| Who argued that we can know divine law through reason or revelation. | John Locke
🗑
|
||||
| Who believed in God and the afterlife and that the pleasure or the rewards of the afterlife would balance any injustices on Earth. | John Locke
🗑
|
||||
| Whose key insights on Ethics: Morality must be demonstrable (provable). | John Locke
🗑
|
||||
| Whose key insights on Ethics: It is based on pleasure or pain. | John Locke
🗑
|
||||
| Whose key insights on Ethics: Moral good and evil represent the conformity or disagreement of our voluntary actions to law. | John Locke
🗑
|
||||
| Whose key insights on Ethics: Three kinds of law: law of opinion (happiness); civic law (virtue); divine law (law of moral rectitude/righteousness). We can know divine law through reason or revelation. | John Locke
🗑
|
||||
| Who placed more emphasis on feelings than most previous philosophers arguing that moral assessments are emotional reactions. | David Hume
🗑
|
||||
| Who believed that no action--one of goodness or one of vice--contains the essence of goodness or vice. | David Hume
🗑
|
||||
| Who brings empiricism to its purest form. Impressions are necessary to ideas. All ideas are associated with each other. | David Hume
🗑
|
||||
| Who believes our thinking cannot extend beyond our immediate senses. | David Hume
🗑
|
||||
| Whose key insights on Ethics: Moral judgments are formed through feelings more than reason. | David Hume
🗑
|
||||
| Whose key insights on Ethics: Virtue and vice exist through our feelings, not in the actions themselves. | David Hume
🗑
|
||||
| What is the ethical theory constructed around the reasoning that the greatest good for the greatest number is the only criterion for creating morality. | Utilitarianism
🗑
|
||||
| Critics of ______________ argue it wrongly elevates pleasure above other values; it ignores distributive justice | Utilitarianism
🗑
|
||||
| Critics of ______________ argue it wrongly assumes that ends justify the means, allowing for immoral actions (the means) in order to achieve the Greatest Good. | Utilitarianism
🗑
|
||||
| Ethics based on acting in whatever way results in the best consequences. Is called? | Consequentialist moral philosophy
🗑
|
||||
| What philosophical approach that says morality should be judged by outcomes. | Consequentialism
🗑
|
||||
| Who is a big proponent of utilitarianism? | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who was a British philosopher(1748-1832) largely responsible for Utilitarianism and social reformer. | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Whose ethics brought him to the conclusion that government could not be ruled by the aristocracy. | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who believed in the rights of animals because they could feel pain | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who was opposed to the British legal system, especially for the power held by judges. | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who strongly opposed capital punishment. | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who believed that legal punishment should be adapted to fit the crime. | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who did not believe that sexual behavior should be legislated as long as it caused no harm to others. | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who did not believe that euthanasia was morally correct. | Jeremy Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| Who was founded on establishing morality through a calculus of happiness: that which, "takes into account the intensity, duration, likelihood, extent, etc. of pleasures and pains." | Bentham's Utilitarianism
🗑
|
||||
| A measurement of the utility and potential happiness of given actions. | Hedonic Calculus
🗑
|
||||
| Whose Hedonic Calculus tried to establish utilitarian standards. | Bentham
🗑
|
||||
| How powerful pain or pleasure is. What kind of Hedonic Calculus? | Intensity
🗑
|
||||
| How long pain or pleasure lasts. What kind of Hedonic Calculus? | Duration
🗑
|
||||
| How likely pain or pleasure is to result. What kind of Hedonic Calculus? | Certainty
🗑
|
||||
| How likely pain or pleasure will repeat. What kind of Hedonic Calculus? | Fecundity
🗑
|
||||
| How pure (unmixed) the pain or pleasure is. What kind of Hedonic Calculus? | Purity
🗑
|
||||
| How many people pain or pleasure affects.What kind of Hedonic Calculus? | Extent
🗑
|
||||
| Who was trained at the knee in Bentham's ethics. Big proponent of utilitarianism. | John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
🗑
|
||||
| Who rated the kinds of happiness open to humankind. | John Stuart Mill
🗑
|
||||
| Whose thinking moved past the idea of quantity of happiness to the quality of happiness. | John Stuart Mill
🗑
|
||||
| Who differentiated between the inferior happiness we achieve through our senses, to the superior pleasures of the intellect (appreciation of art, music and so on). | John Stuart Mill
🗑
|
||||
| Which British philosopher largely responsible for Social Contract Theory. | Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
🗑
|
||||
| Whose famous treatise is Leviathan. | Thomas Hobbes
🗑
|
||||
| Who took a mechanistic view of humankind. | Thomas Hobbes
🗑
|
||||
| Who describes people “the state of nature,” which is the condition of people before there was any state or civil society. . In this state all humans are equal and equally have the right to whatever they consider necessary for their survival. | Thomas Hobbes
🗑
|
||||
| What is based on the idea of people giving up some of their natural rights to a government in exchanged for social order. | Social contract theory
🗑
|
||||
| What is based on the reasoning that its rules are what "rational people will accept on the condition that others accept them as well. | Social contract theory
🗑
|
||||
| What removed morality from formal religion. | Social contract theory
🗑
|
||||
| Under this, rulers serve by the consent of the governed. | Social contract theory
🗑
|
||||
| This is based on the idea of reciprocity. | Social contract theory
🗑
|
||||
| Unlike other moral theories this doesn't address humankind's virtues or its better angels. | Social contract theory
🗑
|
||||
| This does not aspire to elevate moral behavior in the way other theories have. | Social contract theory
🗑
|
||||
| Is this a Strength or Weakness of the Social Contract: Constructs moral rules for harmonious living. | Strength
🗑
|
||||
| Is this a Strength or Weakness of the Social Contract: Constructs moral rules that are in our best interests to follow | Strength
🗑
|
||||
| Is this a Strength or Weakness of the Social Contract: Rational people will not create rules that are too difficult or impossible to live by. | Strength
🗑
|
||||
| Is this a Strength or Weakness of the Social Contract: Allows people to live together in a moral world of limited altruism (unselfishness). | Strength
🗑
|
||||
| Is this a Strength or Weakness of the Social Contract: No clear or consistent definition of what is a moral rule or law. | Weakness
🗑
|
||||
| Is this a Strength or Weakness of the Social Contract: Does not resolve the question as to how much are we bound by laws of society. | Weakness
🗑
|
||||
| Is this a Strength or Weakness of the Social Contract: Does not address moral claims of those outside the social contract (for example, infants, mentally impaired people, animals). | Weakness
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism wrongly(erroneously) elevates pleasure above other values. | Objection
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism ignores distributive justice. | Objection
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism wrongly assumes that ends justify the means. | Objection
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism requires too much calculation. | Objection
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: Maximizing pleasure should not be the overriding value in human existence. | Reasoning
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism doesn't necessarily distribute happiness to those who "deserve" to be happy, or to all in a society. | Reasoning
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism would allow for immoral actions (the means) in order to achieve the Greatest Good. | Reasoning
🗑
|
||||
| Objection or Reasoning for Utilitarianism: It is impractical to calculate the utility of every option and outcome as Utilitarianism would require. | Reasoning
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ldepaepe
Popular Miscellaneous sets