Properties of Matter
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Physical Change | a change in size, shape, or the state of matter without a change in chemical properties.
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| Chemical Change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
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| Law of Conservation of Mass | matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change.
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| Atom | the smallest particle of an individual element
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| Proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
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| Neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
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| Electron | a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
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| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
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| Atomic Mass Number | the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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| Electron Cloud | a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
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| Nucleus | an atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
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| Periodic Table | a chart that organizes elements based upon electron arrangements and their properties
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| Chemical Symbol | a 1-3 set of letters used to represent an element, the first letter is always capitalized and all subsequent letters are lowercase
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| Metal | an element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well
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| Nonmetal | elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current
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| Metalloids | elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals (some are used as semiconductor chips in the computer industry)
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| Groups or Families | vertical columns on the periodic table, elements share similar chemical properties, and generally have the same number of valence electrons
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| Periods | elements that are in the same horizontal row on the periodic table-these elements share the same number of orbitals also known as energy levels and shells
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| Chemical Reaction | the process by which atoms are rearranged chemically to form new substances, chemical bonds can be broken, formed, or both
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| Chemical Formula | chemical symbols and numbers that tell the scientist which atoms are present and exactly how many in a substance
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| Chemical Equation | the representation of a chemical reaction in words or symbols, this shows the scientist what happens over time during a chemical change, this includes reactants and products
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| Reactants | The substances present before a reaction takes place
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| Products | The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction
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| Law of Conservation of Energy | the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be changed from one form to another
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| Exothermic Reaction | a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat
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| Endothermic Reaction | a chemical reaction that absorbs energy, usually in the form of heat
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| Mixture | A composition of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and are usually capable of being separated
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| Solution | a mixture of 2 or more substances that are the same throughout, sugar in water is an example
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| Solute | The name for the substance that is dissolved in a solution, in a solution of salt and water, the salt is the solute
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| Solvent | the substance that dissolves the solute, generally the largest part of the solution, in a solution of salt and water, the water is the solvent
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| Concentration | the amount of substance (solute) dissolved in a given volume of solution (solvent)- for example, the amount of salt dissolved in water
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| Acid | a substance that increases the number of hydronium (H3O) ions in a solution, lemon juice in water is an example
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| Base | a substance that increases the hydroxide (OH) ions in a solution, soap in water is an example
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| Salt | compounds that can be formed during the reaction of an acid and a base, they are always a combination of a metal and a nonmetal
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| Neutralization Reaction | the reaction between an acid and a base, the chemical combination is acid + base --> salt + water
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