Ch.9
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show | Psychosomatic
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show | It gives the impression that psychological disorders like anxiety or depression do not have a biological component.
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What change in public health led to the shift being referred to as the second revolution? | show 🗑
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show | Behavioral Medicine
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According to the principles of health psychology, what is the best protection against acquiring AIDS? | show 🗑
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If you were to look at the deaths of 100 people who died the same day, how many of those peoples’ deaths would be associated with lifestyle factors? | show 🗑
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In 1936, Canadian researcher Hans Selye discovered that giving injections to laboratory rats caused them to develop ulcers. His finding led to a new area of study. What is it called? | show 🗑
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Hans Selye described the sequence of stages the body goes through in response to sustained stress. What is this sequence called? | show 🗑
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What do we call the physiological response of an individual to a stressor? | show 🗑
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Research has shown that increased levels of cortisol in response to stress may cause damage to which of the following? | show 🗑
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What happens when the HPA axis is activated? | show 🗑
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Which of the following may occur as a result of increased cortisol levels in response to chronic stress? | show 🗑
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show | corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
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What is the final process in the activation of the HPA axis? | show 🗑
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What does research suggest is a common characteristic of both mental disorders and physical disorders? | show 🗑
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show | The stress of final exams left Judy more susceptible to colds.
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Justin has been under a lot of stress. His body is beginning to shows signs of having too much cortisol. Which symptoms might Justin be showing? | show 🗑
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show | Lightening struck a tree in the habitat and one baboon was injured.
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Researchers studying baboons found that subordinate animals, unlike dominant animals, continually secrete cortisol, probably because their lives are so stressful. What did the researchers discover about the subordinate males’ HPA axis? | show 🗑
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show | They became chronically ill at a higher rate than those who remained relatively well adjusted.
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According to your textbook, stressful events can make us feel irritable, excited, anxious, or depressed. Why are so many different reactions possible? | show 🗑
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What type of stress may be more problematic for the immune system than acute stress, because the effects are longer lasting? | show 🗑
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Which of the following is a known connection between emotion and health? | show 🗑
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show | Killer T cells
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show | Bone Marrow
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show | The cardiovascular System
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What is the focus of psychoneuroimmunology? | show 🗑
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When is a person infected with HIV most likely to receive an AIDS diagnosis? | show 🗑
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show | More than 34 million
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According to Bongaarts and Over (2010), when did adult and child deaths from AIDS begin to level off because of aggressive treatment and prevention efforts in some parts of the world? | show 🗑
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show | Because of the side effects
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show | Although further study is needed, there seem to be positive changes in immune and endocrine activity associated with structured group interventions.
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show | AN increase in immune system functioning
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show | Increasing patients self esteem
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What does the new field of psycho-oncology study? | show 🗑
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show | Increase in problem solving
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show | being directed to engage in progressive relaxation exercises
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show | Hypertension
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show | Twice the risk
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Studies that have examined neurobiological causes of hypertension have focused on two factors that are central to the regulation of blood pressure. What are these factors? | show 🗑
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show | Not every individual shows distinctively type A or type B characteristics.
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Paul is worried about cardiovascular disease because of a strong family history. Paul is already trying a stress-reduction intervention. His friend Mike, a doctor, suggests that something else may be just as effective. What does Mike recommend? | show 🗑
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While Mr. Jones is participating in a clinical research study, he is instructed to imagine a situation in which he is very angry. What will the sensors monitoring his heart most likely reveal? | show 🗑
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Psychologist Kim Lavoie and her colleagues (2004) noted that CHD and another disorder often co-occur, and CHD patients with this additional disorder suffer greater morbidity and mortality rates than do CHD patients without it. What is the other disorder? | show 🗑
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show | “If I can’t deal with this, I’m not strong enough to deal with anything else in my life either.”
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show | the belief that pain is disastrous, uncontrollable, or reflective of personal failure
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show | Kate’s family has always been critical and demanding. However, since her accident, family members have become caring and sympathetic.
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In the phenomenon known as “operant control” of pain, what determines the pain behaviours manifested by an individual? | show 🗑
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Which of the following factors would make a person feel more pain according to the gate control theory of pain?? | show 🗑
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Hannah just had a rush of endorphins. What are the endorphins doing in her body? | show 🗑
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What theory of pain accommodates both psychological and physical factors? | show 🗑
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show | Eating disorders
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Regarding gender differences in the experience of pain, which of the following is a condition that men suffer more frequently than women? | show 🗑
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Females may have an “extra” pain-regulating pathway focused on relieving pain associated with the reproductive system. What is one implication of this biological gender difference? | show 🗑
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In the mid-19th century, what disorder was thought to cause symptoms of fatigue, vague aches and pains, low-grade fever, and lack of energy? | show 🗑
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In Sharpe’s chronic fatigue syndrome model, key lifestyle attributes were identified. Which of the following was an identified lifestyle? | show 🗑
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show | perceiving the cause of CFS as internal and believing that one has no control over the illness
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show | It doubles the rate that a certain cancer gets to the lungs
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show | a process by which a person is helped to become aware of his or her physiological functions
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In the 1960s, Neal Miller produced the first experimental evidence suggesting physiological functions were subject to voluntary control. What did he use? | show 🗑
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Why do clinicians use physiological monitoring equipment in biofeedback procedures? | show 🗑
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Which of the following physiological functions is a focus of biofeedback procedures? | show 🗑
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show | Insufficient pain killers to eliminate the pain
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It has been suggested that biofeedback relieves the pain of tension headaches because it “teaches people to relax.” What is the more likely reason? | show 🗑
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According to recent clinical studies, which of the following combined with biofeedback is helpful in relieving pain? | show 🗑
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How does the original progressive muscle relaxation technique devised by Edmund Jacobson in 1938 differ from the way the procedure is usually taught in clinics today? | show 🗑
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show | Focusing on a word
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show | Triggers
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show | transcendental meditation
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Jacobson developed the procedure of progressive muscle relaxation in 1938. Compared to today, what is the difference in the time frame for a patient to acquire the skills to master the art of relaxation? | show 🗑
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In keeping daily records of the stressful events in their lives, patients in pain management programs are taught to be very specific about certain issues. Which of the following is one of these issues? | show 🗑
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Cognitive therapy is used in stress management programs to help clients learn several techniques. Which of the following is one of these techniques? | show 🗑
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Compared to less frequent users, how are frequent users of pain-relieving medications likely to benefit from pain management programs? | show 🗑
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show | By being optimistic
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show | Timing
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Some studies indicate that the value of denial as a coping mechanism for illness may depend on one thing more than anything else. What is it? | show 🗑
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According to Spielberger and Frank (1992), what is crucial criterion in mediating virtually all factors that lead to injury? | show 🗑
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show | by helping the patient enhance motivation to change unhealthy behaviours
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What is the long-term impact of denying an illness when you are first diagnosed? | show 🗑
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show | if assessments of her safety skills are continued
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show | Changing high risk behaviour
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How many causes of death in children in Canada are more common than injuries? | show 🗑
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With regard to the epidemic of AIDS in Africa, when is an individual most likely to become HIV positive? | show 🗑
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show | Both John and Lily will continue to have unprotected sex.
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show | They will not cause a reduction in high-risk behaviours.
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Which of the following is NOT likely to bring about changes in “risky” behaviours for individuals who are at risk for HIV/AIDS? | show 🗑
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Fisher and colleagues conducted three school-based HIV prevention interventions with high schools,focused on knowledge, motivation, behavioural skills, and actual behaviour. What did they determine to be of great importance in preventing HIV in youth? | show 🗑
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show | recommending sexual abstinence as the only way to prevent HIV transmission
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show | Schools should expand the existing school sexual disease curriculum; it should be designed to be more broadly based and involve parents.
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show | It was the children of smokers who intervened with their fathers to stop smoking.
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Ping lives in China and recently helped with a massive antismoking campaign. What did she likely do?v | show 🗑
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show | 0.2 percent
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show | Heart disease
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Meyer and colleagues (1980) conducted a community study in California to reduce the risk factors for coronary heart disease. What did the results indicate as the most effective aspect of intervention? | show 🗑
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show | building motivation through instilling pride
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