CHAPTER ONE AND FOUR
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| radiation | transfer of energy
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| decay | breakdown of radioactive substances
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| ionizing | positive and negative charges created when radiation passes through matter
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| biological damage | damage caused to cells, tissues, molecules within the body by radiation exposure
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| terrestrail source | natural source of radiation from radioactive materials in the earth. ex uranium, thorium, potassium
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| radon | gas produced from the decay of uranium that can pentrate soil and enter buildings through basement; small traces are found within the earth
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| extraterrestrial source | cosmic radiation from the sun and stars; as the altitude increases radiation levels increases; radiation levels are greater at the north and south poles
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| artificial source | man-made; x-ray, airport surveillance; accounts for 65 mr. per year
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| patient dose | indicated as skin dose, organ dose, and fetal dose; amount of radiation the patient receives
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| erythema | skin reddening
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| skin erythema dose | amount of exposure that causes reddening of the skin
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| Roentgen(R) | unit of exposure in air
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| exposure | volume of air irradiatied with x-ray or gamma rays causing air to become ionized
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| RAD | traditional unit; radiation absorbed dose; the amount of energy unit mass absorbed by an irradiated object
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| REM | traditional unit of effective dose; radiation equivalent in man; used to calculated occupational exposure; also uded for radiation protection purposes; takes into account the biological effects of radiation exposure
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| Gray | Si unit; similar to RAD
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| Sievert | Si unit; used to measure occupational exposure of effective dose; similar to REM
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| LET | Linear Energy transfer
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| ICRU | International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurement; created 1925; first standard of measurements
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| November 8, 1895 | Roentgen announced his discovery of x-ray
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| December 28, 1895 | Roentgen wrote a report call "a New kind of Ray"
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| Michael Pupin | Professor at Columbia University developed intensifying screens and use in conjunction with glass plates in 1896
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| 1904 | Thomas Edison's assistant had to have his hands cut off because of cancer from holding the intensifying screens
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