AQA GCSE chapter 01 atomic structure
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| What 3 particles are found in an atom? | Neutrons, Protons and Electrons
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| What 2 particles are found in the Nucleus? | Neutrons, Protons; yo. the heavy ones, man!
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| What particle is going around the Nucleus? | Electrons
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| What is the name of the circles described by electrons? | Shells or Orbits
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| What particle is positive? | Pppproton are pppositive
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| What particle is neutral (=no charge)? | Neutron
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| What is the charge on an electron? | Negative
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| What two particles are found in the same number in an Atom? | Protons(p+) and Electrons(e-)
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| What is the mass number of an atom with 17p+, 17e- and 18n0? | 17(p+) + 18(n0) = 35
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| What is the MAXIMUM number of electron on the 1st shell? On the 2nd? On the 3rd? | 2,8,8
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| What is the electronic arrangement for an atom with 17e-? | 2,8,7
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| An element isin group 6. What can you say about the number of electrons in the outer shell? | 6 electrons on the outer shell (same number as the group number)
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| What are isotopes? | Atoms of the same elements, with SAME number of PROTONS (ie same atomic number), but DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS (ie different mass numbers)
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| There are two isotopes of Boron: 20% of the atoms are Boron-10 (Boron with a mass number of of 10) and 80% are Boron-11. What is the relative Atomic Mass? | 20/100*10 + 80/100*11 = 10.8
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| There are two isotopes of Chlorine: Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37. The relative atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.5. What does this tell you about the abundance of Chlorine-35 (compared to the abundance of Chlorine-37) [which isotope is more abundant?] | As the RAM is closer to 35 than 37, it means that there is more Chlorine-35 than Chlorine-37
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| Potassium has two numbers: 39 at the top and and 19 at the bottom. How many protons electrons and neutrons? | The number at the bottom (atomic) tells us 19 protons, 19 electrons; the difference between the two numbers is the number of neutrons: 20.
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| Antimony has two isotopes of mass 121 and mass 123 and a Relative Atomic Mass of 121.8. What can you say about the proportion of the isotopes (ie which isotope is most abundant) | As the RAM is closer to 121 than 123, there are more isotopes of mass 121 than 123.
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| Where are metals found in the Periodic Table? | On the left
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| What did Mendeleev do compared to previous versions of the Periodic Table? Why was Mendeleev's attempt superior to previous attempts? | He did not organise elements by atomic weight; he organised them by reactivity patterns (even swapped elements like I and Te); he also left gaps for undiscovered elements and made predictions about missing elements
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| How are elements organised in the modern periodic table? | By atomic number
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| What is the number of electrons in Chlorine atom (bottom number is 17, group 7)? Give its electronic configuration | Atom=17 (look directly at bottom number); 2,8,7
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| What is the number of electrons in Magnesium atom (bottom number is 12, group 2)? Give its electronic configuration | Atom=12 (look directly at bottom number); 2,8,1
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| CHALLENGE: The Relative Atomic Mass of Copper is 63.5. Copper has only two isotopes of mass 63 and 65. Work out the abundance of each isotope. | Write formula: RAM=sum of (massxabund)/tot abund ie 63.5=(63x a + 65 x (100-a))/100 and rearrange the equation so that a is the subject: a=75; so abundance of 63-Cu is75% and 65-Cu is 25%
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| What is the definition of Relative Atomic Mass | RAM is the weighed average mass of the isotopes of an element, compared to 1/12th of the mass of a Carbon12 atom
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| Order the following scientist in chronological order: from earliest to most recent: Rutherford, Bohr, Dalton, Chadwik, Thompson | Dalton (atoms are spheres), Thomson (electron), Rutherford(nucleus), Bohr (electrons on shells), Chadwick (neutron)
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| Describe the gold foil experimental set-up, the results and the conclusion | Rutherford fired positively charged alpha particles at a thin gold film. most of the alpha particles passed straight through undeviated; some were deflected through large angles, even backwards. This meant that
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| Explain why the gold-foil experiment proved that ‘plum-pudding’ model should be abandoned | because the plum-pudding model prediced that the alpha-particles should go straight through; it simply could not explain the deviation of the alpha particles and the fact that a few alpha particles were repelled backwards.
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| How much smaller is a nucleus compared to the atom? | a nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the atom
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| CHALLENGE: if an atom is 10^-10m long, how big is the nucleus? | a nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the atom; so the nucleus is 10^-14m
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