Organic Chemistry 1
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| Define Organic Chemistry | The study of compounds of carbon
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| What is a hydrocarbon? | A compound containing hydrogen and carbon only
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| What is a fossil fuel? | A fuel composed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
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| Define the term saturated compound | A compound in which only singe bonds are present
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| Define the term homologous series | A series of compounds of similar chemical properties.
Which show graduations in physical properties.
Each has a general formula.
Each has a similar method of preparation.
Each member differs from the previous by a methylene (CH4) molecule
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| What is a structural isomer? | Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
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| Give two tests for unsaturation | Bromine water & Potassium permanganate
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| Name an Alkyne | Ethyne
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| Define the term aliphatic compound | An organic compound with open chains of carbon atoms and close chain compounds that resemble them in chemical properties
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| Define the term aromatic compound | Compounds with a benzene ring structure in their molecules
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| How does fractional distillation work? | Crude oil enters a furnace as feed-stock and the chemicals inside are separated out according to boiling point at the temperature decreases up the furnace
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| What is the top fraction, refinery gas, used for? | LPG, for gas cookers
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| What is petrol used for? | Cars
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| What is Naptha used for? | Chemicals for the petrochemical industry e.g. feed-stock for petrol
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| What is kerosene used for? | Fueling aircraft ¢ral heating
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| What is diesel oil used for? | Trains, buses, trucks and cars
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| What is lubricating oil used for? | Waxes and polishes
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| What is fuel oil used for? | Fuel for ships and industry
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| What is Bitumen/Residue used for? | Roads and roofing
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| Define auto ignition | The premature ignition of a petrol air mixture
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| Define octane number | The tendency of a fuel to resist auto ignition
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| Name 3 factors affecting octane number | Chain length, degree of branching and straight chain or cyclic structure
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| Name a fuel with an octane rating of zero | Heptane
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| Name a chemical with an octane rating of 100 | 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
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| Name four processes used to improve octane rating | Adding oxygenates.
De-hydrocyclisation.
Isomerisation.
Catalytic cracking.
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