DNA biology vocab
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| anticodon | in tRNA, a triplet of nitrogenous bases that is complementary to a specific codone in mRNA
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| chromosome | threadlike structure of nucleic acids that carries genetic information in forms of genes
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| codon | in RNA, a three base "word" that codes for one amino acid
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| crossing-over | two homologous pair exchange equal segments with eachother
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| diploid | having two homologous sets of chromosomes
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| DNA | molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acid that contains the sugar dexyribose
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| DNA helicase | used to separate DNA
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| DNA polymerase | enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotide to produce a DNA molecule
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| DNA replication | process of copying a DNA molecule
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| double helix | two strands of nucleotide wound about each other; structure of DNA
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| fertilization | process when sperm and egg combine
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| gamete | egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair
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| haploid | having a single set of chromosomes
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| homologous chromosome | one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent
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| karyotype | display of a person's 46 chromosomes
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| meiosis | type of cell division that produces four cells; each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
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| mRNA | RNA, molecule transcribed from a DNA template
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| mutagen | physical or chemical agent that causes mutations
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| mutation | any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
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| nitrogen base | single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attached functional groups, found in nucleic acids
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| nucleotide | building block of nucleic acid polymers
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| protein synthesis | process when biological cells generate new proteins
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| RNA | nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose
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| sex chromosome | one of two chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes which determine an individual's gender
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| tetrad | group of four chromatids formed during prophase 1 of meiosis by the two sister chromatids of each of the two homologous chromosomes
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| trait | genetically determined characteristic
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| transcription | process by which DNA template is used to produce a single stranded RNA molecule
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| translation | process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids
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| tRNA | RNA that translates the three-letter codons of mRNA to amino acids
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