Physics Terms Qrt. 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Momentum | Quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity an object. P=mv
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| Impulse | The product of force and time over which a force acts
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| Impulse-Momentum Theorem | F=(change in momentum)/(change in time)
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| Conservation of Momentum | The total momentum of all objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects.
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| Elastic Collision | A collision in which two objects the total momentum and KE are conserved.
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| Inelastic Collision | A collision in which two objects stick together completely after colliding
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| Rotational Motion | Movement in a circle or spinning
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| Radians | Angle formed when the arc length is equal to the radius of a circle
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| Angular Displacement | Change in angle measurement
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| Angular Speed | Rate at which an object moves through an angle.
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| Angular Acceleration | Rate of change in angular speed.
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| Tangential Acceleration | The linear acceleration of a particle at any point on the curved path.
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| Centripetal Acceleration | Acceleration towards the center of a circle.
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| Centripetal Force | Net force acting towards the center of a circle keeping an object moving in a circular path
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| Centrifugal Force | Imaginary outward force felt by observers moving in a circular path.
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| Gravitational Force | A centripetal force that keeps objects in orbit.
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| Escape Speed | Speed needed to escape the force of gravity.
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| Torque | A quantity that measures the ability of a force to rotate an object about some axis.
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| Lever Arm | r(sin theta) or d(sin theta)
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| Center of Mass | Point at which the mass of a body can be considered to be concentrated when analyzing transitional motion.
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| Moment of Inertia | Tendency of an object to resist a change in rotational motion.
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| Rotational Equilibrium | An object with no net torques acting upon it
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| Newton’s 2nd Law for Rotational Motion | The relationship between the net external torque and the angular acceleration.
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| Angular Momentum | The quantity of rotation of a body, which is the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity.
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| Rotational Kinetic Energy | The final angular velocity divided by the time and the average angular velocity is equal to half the final angular velocity.
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| Fluid | A non-solid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to flow.
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| Mass Density | Concentration of matter in an object.
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| Buoyant Force | Upward force exerted by a fluid on an object that is immersed.
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| Archimedes’ Principle | The upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces .
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| Pressure | Magnitude of the force on a surface per unit area.
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| Barometer | Device used to measure atmosphere pressure.
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| Pascals | Unit of pressure.
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| Pascal’s principle | Pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and the walls of the container.
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| Ideal Fluid | Fluid with no internal friction.
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| Venturi effect, | Speed of fluid increases when cross sectional area decreases.
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| Bernoulli’s principle, | The pressure in a fluid decreases as the velocity of the fluid decreases.
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| Ideal gas law | (P1V1)/T1=(P2V2)/T2
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| Temperature | Measure of the average KE in an object.
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| Internal Energy | The energy of a substance due to both the random motion of its particles and to the potential energy that results from the distances between the particles.
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| Thermal Equilibrium | The state at which 2 bodies in physical contact with one another have identical temperatures.
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| Thermal Expansion | In general, increase the temperature of a substance, increases its volume.
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| Heat | Energy transferred between objects because of a difference of temperatures.
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| Specific heat capacity | The quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1K or 1 degree Celsius
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| Calorimetry | An experimental procedure used to measure the energy transferred from one substance to another as heat
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| Latent Heat | The energy per unit mass that is transferred during a phase change of a substance.
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| Phase Change | Physical change in substance from one state of matter to another at a constant temperature and pressure.
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| Latent heat of fusion | Energy needed to melt 1 Kg.
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| Latent heat of vaporization | Energy needed to boil 1 Kg.
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| Thermal Conduction | Transfer heat through direct contact.
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| Thermal Convection | Transfer of heat that involves bulk movement of matter.
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| Radiation | Transfer through electromagnetic waves.
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| Simple harmonic motion | Vibration about an equilibrium position in which a restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium.
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| Hooke's Law | The restoring force of a spring depends on the stiffness of the spring and the displacement from the spring's equilibrium point.
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| Spring Constant | The stiffness of the spring.
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| Amplitude | Maximum displacement from equilibrium.
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| Period | The time it take for a complete cycle to occur.
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| Frequency | The number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time.
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| Waves | Undulation or disturbance that transfers energy.
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| Medium | Physical environment through which a disturbance can travel.
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| Mechanical Wave | A wave that requires a medium to travel.
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| Pulse Wave | A wave that consist of a single pulse.
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| Periodic Wave | Wave formed by the periodic motion of a wave source.
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| Transverse Wave | Wave whose particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction they travel.
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| Longitudinal Wave | Wave whose particles vibrate parallel to the direction they travel.
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| Crest | Highest point above the equilibrium
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| Trough | Lowest point below equilibrium.
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| Wave Length | Distance between to adjacent points.
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| Compression | Region which the density and pressure on a longitudinal wave is the least
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| Rarefaction | Region which the density and pressure on a longitudinal wave is the least
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Created by:
Tim Duncan
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