Unit 2 - Evolution
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| What is the definition for evolution? | Evolution is the change over time in the
proportion of individuals in a population
differing in one or more inherited traits.
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| What are the two non-random processes that can cause evolution to occur. | Natural selection and sexual selection
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| Which non-random process increases the frequency of alleles that increase reproductive chances? | Sexual selection
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| Which non-random process increases the frequency of alleles that makes survival more likely? | Natural selection
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| Is genetic drift random or non-random? | Random
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| Genetic drift has a greater effect on ________________? and why? | Small populations, as alleles
are more likely to be lost from the gene
pool.
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| What is absolute fitness? | The ratio of frequencies of a particular genotypes from one generation to the next.
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| What is relative fitness? | The ratio of surviving offspring of one genotype compared with other genotypes.
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| What are the three different forms of mutation that cause novel alleles? | Neutral, harmful, beneficial
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| Which factors can affect the rate of evolution? | Horizontal gene transfer, warmer environments, shorter generation times, sharing of beneficial DNA sequences through sexual reproduction.
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| Give an example of two species that co evolve. | Herbivores and plants; pollinators and plants; predators and their prey; parasites and their hosts.
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| Variation in traits arises as a result of? | Mutations
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| Define natural selection. | Increased selection pressure for favourable alleles that can survive and reproduce.
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| Which types of mutation are more likely to occur? | Neutral and harmful
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| Explain the term Co-evolution | Occurs in organisms that interact frequently. They are interdependent on one another
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| Explain what is meant by an evolutionary arms race | One species increases selection pressure for competitor to evolve
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| Explain the Red Queen hypothesis | Occurs in organisms that interact frequently. A change in a particular trait acts as a selection pressure on the other species.
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