Mr. Poley U.S. History SOL mania part 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Great Depression = a period of severe economic hardship lasting from 1929 to World War II
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| show | 1) Stock market crash2) Collapse of nation’s banking system3) High protective tariffs
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| Define speculation. | show 🗑
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| What is one way people make money from stock? | show 🗑
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| show | New York Stock Exchange
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| What happened to stock prices on the New York Stock Exchange between 1920 and 1929? | show 🗑
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| show | They became very wealthy.
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| What does it mean to buy stock on margin? | show 🗑
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| show | Overspeculation
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| show | Sold their stock; stock prices dropped even further
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| show | Crashed
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| What functions as the central bank of the United States? | show 🗑
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| show | A banker’s bank
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| Explain how a Federal Reserve Bank works? | show 🗑
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| Who appoints the members of the Federal Reserve Board? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) oversees the actions of the Federal Reserve Banks2) sets the interest rate which banks must pay to borrow money from the Federal Reserve
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| show | enables the Federal Reserve to control the nation’s money supply
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| Under what circumstances might the Federal Reserve Board cut interest rates? | show 🗑
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| Under what circumstances might the Federal Reserve Board raise interest rates? | show 🗑
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| Define inflation. | show 🗑
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| Was the Federal Reserve Board able to prevent the 1929 stock market crash from triggering the Great Depression? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) banks had invested savings deposits in the stock market2) banks had loaned money to stock speculators who were buying stock on margin
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| How did bank failures after the stock market crash affect Americans’ confidence in the nation’s banking system? | show 🗑
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| show | Withdraw their savings from the banks, before they closed
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| show | 5,000
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| show | 9 million
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| What was the result of the widespread collapse of the American banking system between 1929 and 1932? | show 🗑
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| show | protective tariff = a tax on imports that is so high Americans cannot afford to buy foreign goods
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| show | passed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (the Tariff Act of 1930)
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| show | a protective tariff that set the highest tariff rates in American history
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| show | encouraged foreign countries to retaliate (to return like for like; do unto others, as they do unto you) by passing high tariffs of their own
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| show | foreigners could not afford to buy American goods
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| show | strangled world trade
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| show | 1) unemployment increased 2) banks closed 3) political unrest 4) farm foreclosures
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| show | 25 %
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| What became more militant during the Great Depression? | show 🗑
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| What did some Americans question during the Great Depression? | show 🗑
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| What effect did farm foreclosures have on farm families? | show 🗑
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| show | President Herbert Hoover
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| show | Republican
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| show | Franklin Roosevelt (Democrat)Herbert Hoover (Republican)Roosevelt won
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| Who told the American people in 1933 that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”? | show 🗑
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| What did President Franklin Roosevelt offer the American people? | show 🗑
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| show | FDR’s program to end the Great Depression
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| show | 1) federal gov’t. would actively try to solve the nation’s problems2) power of federal gov’t. increased3) federal gov’t. was responsible for American economy
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| show | “three R’s”: relief, recovery, and reform
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| What was the purpose of the New Deal’s relief programs? | show 🗑
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| show | provided direct payments to people for immediate help
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| Give one example of a New Deal relief program. | show 🗑
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| Define public works. | show 🗑
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| What was the purpose of the New Deal’s recovery program? | show 🗑
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| show | Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA); tried to raise farm prices by paying farmers not to grow crops and not to raise livestock
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| What was the purpose of the New Deal’s reform programs? | show 🗑
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| Identify the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). | show 🗑
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| show | Social Security Act = offered safeguards for workers, including unemployment insurance and retirement benefits
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| show | to provide care for those Americans, who through no fault of their own could not take care of themselves
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| show | World War II
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| show | 1) gave hope to Americans2) changed the role of the American gov’t. in the economy: (federal gov’t. now responsible for the economy)3) encouraged changes in people’s attitudes toward responsibilities of the federal gov’t.: (Americans expected more fro
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| What three basic rights did organized labor acquire or gain during the New Deal? | show 🗑
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| show | United Nations
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| show | U.N. = an international organization to promote world peace and progress
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| What organization did the United Nations replace? | show 🗑
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| What did the world’s nations hope to prevent by creating the United Nations? | show 🗑
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| show | After World War II, Americans believed the U.S. had an important role to play in world affairs, while after World War I Americans retreated into isolationism (refused to join the League of Nations).
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| show | Japan
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| show | Japan’s government became democratic, Japan became a strong ally (friend) of the United States
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| What was the condition of Europe at the end of World War II? | show 🗑
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| What country’s military forces occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of Germany at the end of World War II? | show 🗑
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| What nations’ forces occupied West Germany at the end of World War II? | show 🗑
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| What did the Allies do to Germany after World War II? | show 🗑
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| show | West Germany became democratic.
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| show | East Germany became communist and stayed under the control of the Soviet Union.
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| show | the Cold War
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| show | Cold War = an uneasy peace after World War II, marked by a fierce rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
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| What type of war was the Cold War and how long did it last? | show 🗑
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| show | the Cold War
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| In what three ways did the Cold War influence the United States after 1945? | show 🗑
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| show | Values of western nations, including the U.S.: believed in democracy, individual freedom, free market economic system based on private property and profit
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| Describe the fundamental values of the Soviet Union and its allies during the Cold War. | show 🗑
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| show | Socialism = an economic system in which the gov’t. owns and controls the means of production; for example, under socialism, the gov’t. owns power plants, transportation and communication companies, mines, and steel mills
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| show | containment
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| show | containment = the post-World War II American foreign policy that tried to check the expansion of the Soviet Union and communism through diplomatic, economic, and military means
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| What did the United States try to accomplish through the containment policy? | show 🗑
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| Identify the Truman Doctrine. | show 🗑
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| show | set precedent that the containment of communism would be the basic principle of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War
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| show | Marshall Plan = a massive American financial aid program (1947) to help European nations recover economically from World War II
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| What was the dual purpose of the Marshall Plan? | show 🗑
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| For what does NATO stand? | show 🗑
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| What was the purpose of NATO? | show 🗑
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| Identify NATO. | show 🗑
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| When and where did communism spread to Asia? | show 🗑
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| show | Mao = the leader of the communist Chinese
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| show | Chiang Kai-shek = leader of the anti-communist Chinese
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| show | the island of Formosa off the coast of China
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| show | Taiwan
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| What two events in 1949 increased American fears of communist domination of most of the world? | show 🗑
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| show | the trials of Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs
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| show | Alger Hiss: federal gov’t. official who was accused of passing secret documents to the Soviets in the late 1930s; although Hiss claimed he was innocent, he was convicted of perjury; many Americans believed Hiss was guilty of treason.
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| show | atomic secrets
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| show | Julius and Ethel Rosenberg: Americans who had worked on the United States’ atomic project; were arrested for passing atomic secrets to the Soviets, convicted of espionage, and executed
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| show | convicted of espionage (spying) and executed
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| Whose political career was advanced by American fears of communism? | show 🗑
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| show | accused many American officials of being communists
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| Identify the Army-McCarthy hearings. | show 🗑
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| show | McCarthyism = unfairly accusing others of disloyalty and subversion (threatening to overthrow the government)
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| show | the Korean War: when communist North Korea invaded non-communist south Korea
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| What country entered the Korean War after the American military forces counterattacked and drove deep into North Korea? | show 🗑
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| show | Dwight D. Eisenhower
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| When did the Korean War end, and what were its results? | show 🗑
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| Why did the Korean War cause an increase in the United States’ confidence in the containment policy? | show 🗑
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| What did President Eisenhower adopt as a part of containment? | show 🗑
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| show | “massive retaliation” = the Eisenhower administration’s threat of swift, all-out military actions against a nation committing aggression (attack)
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| show | backed away from “massive retaliation”
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| show | not to make a first strike nuclear attack
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| show | Fidel Castro lead a communist revolution that took over Cuba
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| To what place did many Cubans flee in order to escape communist rule? | show 🗑
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| What action did President Eisenhower encourage the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to take in regard to Cuba? | show 🗑
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| Identify the CIA. | show 🗑
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| What action did the CIA plan in Cuba? | show 🗑
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| Who became president of the United States in 1961? | show 🗑
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| What happened during the Bay of Pigs invasion? | show 🗑
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| show | Soviet Union
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| How did President Kennedy learn that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cuba? | show 🗑
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| show | naval blockade of Cuba; threatened to take further steps if the Soviets didn’t remove their missiles
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| show | nuclear war
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| show | Nikita Khrushchev
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| show | The Soviets agreed to withdraw their missiles from Cuba, and in exchange the United States would remove its outdated missiles from Turkey
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| What threat was always present during the Cold War? | show 🗑
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| Name two ways in which Americans tried to prepare for a possible nuclear attack. | show 🗑
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| How did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson? | show 🗑
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| show | Southern states could legally segregate whites and blacks, as long as the separate facilities were equal.
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| What laws did the Supreme Court uphold by the Plessy decision? | show 🗑
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| What were Jim Crow laws? | show 🗑
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| show | in the late nineteenth century
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| show | set precedent for the Southern states to segregate all areas of Southern life
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| Did the Southern states truly obey the Plessy decision? Explain | show 🗑
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| What was the purpose of the NAACP? | show 🗑
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| When and by whom was the NAACP formed? | show 🗑
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| For what two things did the NAACP consistently work? | show 🗑
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| show | W.E.B. DuBois
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| On what basis did the NAACP attack Jim Crow laws before World War II? | show 🗑
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| How did the NAACP’s attacks on Jim Crow laws change after World War II? | show 🗑
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| show | The NAACP Legal Defense Fund was a team of lawyers who filed lawsuits against racial segregation in several public school systems in the South. Actually, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund filed lawsuits against all kinds of racial discrimination
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| show | Thurgood Marshall
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| Identify Oliver Hill. | show 🗑
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| show | the Prince Edward County school desegregation case
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| show | The Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. It said public school segregation violated the “equal protection” clause of the 14th Amendment.
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| show | the Prince Edward County, Virginia school desegregation case
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| Was Virginia still part of the Solid South immediately after World War II? | show 🗑
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| show | a term that indicated the Democratic Party’s complete control of Southern politics during the first half of the 20th century
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| Who was Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr.? | show 🗑
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| After the Supreme Court handed down the Brown decision, what policy did Virginia’s governor and state legislature adopt under Senator Byrd’s leadership? | show 🗑
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| show | the Virginia General Assembly
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| What were Virginia’s Massive Resistance laws? What did the Massive Resistance laws instruct Virginia’s governor to do as a last resort? | show 🗑
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| What did it mean to desegregate public schools? | show 🗑
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| show | integration = desegregation = whites and blacks together
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| show | Yes
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| What two things happened when Virginia’s Massive Resistance movement reached a climax in 1959? | show 🗑
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| What action did many white families in Virginia take during the sixties and seventies? | show 🗑
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| show | No.
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| show | At first, Virginia accepted federal court ordered school desegregation on a case-by-case basis. By the mid-seventies, Virginia had completely ended its dual school system. Children of all races attended the same public schools.
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| show | It created a social revolution.
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| show | reshape American society
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| show | 1) worked through the federal court system (filed racial discrimination cases in federal court) 2) used mass protest (non-violent resistance)
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| When did the modern civil rights movement begin? | show 🗑
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| How did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., gain national television coverage in 1956? | show 🗑
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| show | Montgomery Bus Boycott = the 1955-56 boycott by black citizens of the Montgomery, Alabama bus system to protest segregated seating. The term boycott means African-Americans refused to ride the city buses until the bus company ended segregated seating. T
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| What constitutional argument did the Supreme Court use to rule that segregation on Montgomery, Alabama city buses was unconstitutional? | show 🗑
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| show | the Brown decision
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| What was the purpose of the 1963 March on Washington? | show 🗑
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| show | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; “I have a dream….”
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| How many Americans participated in the 1963 March on Washington? | show 🗑
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| For what two reasons was the 1963 March on Washington important? | show 🗑
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| show | John F. Kennedy was assassinated, and Lyndon B. Johnson became president.
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| show | Lyndon B. Johnson
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| show | 1964 Civil Rights Act: 1) outlawed racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers 2) outlawed racial, religious, and sex discrimination in public places; it made it illegal to segregate public buildings or parks; it also made it illegal for h
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| What were the two parts of the 1965 Voting Right Act? | show 🗑
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| What was a literacy test, and how had Southern states used the literacy test? | show 🗑
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| show | a large increase in the number of African-American voters throughout the South
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| show | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
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| show | outlawed racial discrimination in the sale or rental of housing
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| Who became president in 1961? | show 🗑
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| Who said the United States would “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty”? | show 🗑
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| show | John F. Kennedy
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| What made foreign policy a major issue in every presidential election between 1948 and 1992? | show 🗑
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| How did national defense spending during the Cold War affect Virginia’s economy? | show 🗑
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| show | Hampton Roads and Northern Virginia
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| What Cold War policy resulted in American involvement in Vietnam? | show 🗑
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| After World War II, from what country did Vietnamese nationalists fight for independence? | show 🗑
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| Who was the leader of the Vietnamese independence movement? | show 🗑
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| What type of government did Ho Chi Minh want an independent Vietnam to have? | show 🗑
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| Why did the United States support France’s attempt to keep Indochina as a colony after World War II? | show 🗑
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| show | France withdrew from Indochina
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| show | Vietnam was divided into communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam
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| show | the Eisenhower administration feared Ho Chi Minh would win and all of Vietnam would become communist
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| What did the communist government of North Vietnam attempt to install in South Vietnam during the fifties and early sixties? | show 🗑
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| show | South Vietnamese communists who wanted to reunify all of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh; southern revolutionaries who formed the National Liberation Front
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| What was the National Liberation Front? | show 🗑
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| show | sent large amounts of economic and military aid to South Vietnam
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| Under what president did the American military buildup in Vietnam begin? | show 🗑
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| show | Kennedy was assassinated
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| Who succeeded John F. Kennedy as president? | show 🗑
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| What action did President Johnson take in Vietnam in 1965? | show 🗑
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| How many American troops were stationed in Vietnam by 1968? | show 🗑
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| show | limited war” = avoid any military action which might widen the war to include the Soviet Union or communist China
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| show | containment
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| show | to avoid either a nuclear war or a third world war
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| show | divided: many Americans supported the war, while many others opposed the war
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| show | College campuses
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| Who won the 1968 presidential election? | show 🗑
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| show | to bring the Vietnam War to an honorable end; “peace with honor”
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| show | “Vietnamization”
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| Define “Vietnamization.” | show 🗑
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| show | failed
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| show | the Soviet Union
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| What political scandal caused President Nixon to resign as president in 1974? | show 🗑
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| show | Watergate scandal = the public exposure of a burglary and its cover-up by the Nixon administration
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| show | Gerald Ford after Richard Nixon was forced to resign as president
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| What happened in Vietnam during Gerald Ford’s presidency? | show 🗑
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| show | indifference or outright hostility
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| Who served as President Richard Nixon’s secretary of state in 1972? | show 🗑
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| show | instead of being strong allies, China and the Soviet Union had become rivals for power
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| During the early seventies, what policy did Nixon and Kissinger initiate (start) towards the Soviet Union and China? | show 🗑
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| What did the United States begin to establish with communist China in 1972? | show 🗑
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| show | Mao Zedong
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| show | Beijing
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| show | the Soviet Union
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| show | Leonid Brezhnev
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| What was the Soviet Union’s capital? | show 🗑
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| What treaty did the United States and the Soviet Union sign in 1972? | show 🗑
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| Out of what talks did this treaty grow? | show 🗑
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| Define the SALT talks. | show 🗑
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| Why was the SALT treaty so important, in spite of its many loopholes? | show 🗑
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| What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War? | show 🗑
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| Who became president in 1981and to which political party did the new president belong? | show 🗑
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| What did President Reagan try to assert throughout the world during his first term? | show 🗑
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| show | an evil empire
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| show | a massive military buildup
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| show | tension with the Soviet Union increased
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| show | when Reagan was convinced that the United States was at least equal to the Soviet Union in military power
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| What action did President Reagan take in Western Europe during his first term? | show 🗑
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| show | forced the Soviet Union to increase its military budget in order to compete with the United States
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| Why was the need to increase military spending a serious problem for the Soviet leadership? | show 🗑
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| show | Mikhail Gorbachev
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| show | 1) revive the Soviet economy2) reform the Soviet system
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| What does the Russian word glasnost mean? | show 🗑
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| show | open criticism of the Soviet government
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| Define the term Glasnost. | show 🗑
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| What did the Russian word perestroika mean? | show 🗑
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| Under perestroika, what types of economic and political changes did Gorbachev want to occur in Soviet society? | show 🗑
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| show | economic restructuring
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| show | Gorbachev
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| Among what group did Gorbachev’s new policies raise high expectations? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) improvement in their standard of living2) increased freedom in Soviet society
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| How did Gorbachev’s reforms affect the communist system? | show 🗑
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| show | rising nationalism within the Soviet republics
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| show | Soviet republics = American states
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| From what two sources did external pressures on the Soviet government come? | show 🗑
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| show | rising feeling of nationalism
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| show | satellite = a nation that is formally independent but dominated by another power
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| show | nations of Eastern Europe
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| show | Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania
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| What movement created great unrest in Poland during the 1980s? | show 🗑
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| In what other Soviet satellite did the citizens hold mass protests during the late eighties? | show 🗑
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| show | President Ronald Reagan
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| show | the Berlin Wall
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| show | the Berlin Wall
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| show | the East German government
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| show | 1961 ; to keep East German citizens from escaping to democratic West Germany
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| show | German citizens began to tear down the Berlin Wall, and the East German government did not try to stop them.
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| show | Germany was formally reunified under the democratic leadership of West Germany.
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| show | Communist governments fell from power.
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| What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991? | show 🗑
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| What made up the Soviet Union? | show 🗑
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| What action did the three Baltic republics take in 1991? | show 🗑
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| What precedent did the three Baltic republics set by this action? | show 🗑
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| By the end of 1991 what did Gorbachev agree to do? | show 🗑
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| What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day, 1991? | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
historyisgood4you