Mr. Poley U.S. History SOL mania part 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | Great Depression = a period of severe economic hardship lasting from 1929 to World War II
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| What were three major causes of the Great Depression? | show 🗑
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| show | speculation = buying something at a low price in the hope of selling it later at a profit
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| show | speculation
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| show | New York Stock Exchange
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| What happened to stock prices on the New York Stock Exchange between 1920 and 1929? | show 🗑
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| show | They became very wealthy.
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| show | Buy stock on credit
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| show | Overspeculation
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| What did many investors do when the stock market dropped, and how did their actions affect stock prices? | show 🗑
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| What happened to the New York Stock Exchange as a result of the downward cycle in the stock market? | show 🗑
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| show | The Federal Reserve System
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| show | A banker’s bank
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| show | If a bank needs to borrow money, it may do so from the Federal Reserve Bank. However, a bank must pay interest on its loans from the Federal Reserve.
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| show | The president
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| show | 1) oversees the actions of the Federal Reserve Banks2) sets the interest rate which banks must pay to borrow money from the Federal Reserve
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| Why is the Federal Reserve Board’s power to set interest rates important? | show 🗑
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| show | if the Federal Reserve believes the American economy is slowing down
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| Under what circumstances might the Federal Reserve Board raise interest rates? | show 🗑
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| show | inflation = when prices increase and the dollar buys less when prices increase and the value of the dollar decreases
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| Was the Federal Reserve Board able to prevent the 1929 stock market crash from triggering the Great Depression? | show 🗑
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| Why did many banks fail when the stock market crashed? | show 🗑
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| show | Americans lost confidence
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| What did thousands of Americans do when they began to lose confidence in the nation’s banking system? | show 🗑
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| show | 5,000
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| show | 9 million
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| What was the result of the widespread collapse of the American banking system between 1929 and 1932? | show 🗑
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| What is a protective tariff? | show 🗑
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| show | passed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (the Tariff Act of 1930)
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| show | a protective tariff that set the highest tariff rates in American history
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| Congress intended the Hawley-Smoot Tariff to help business. Why do most historians believe it actually hurt business? | show 🗑
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| What was the result of retaliatory tariffs passed by foreign countries | show 🗑
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| show | strangled world trade
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| What four-pronged effect did the Great Depression have on the United States? | show 🗑
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| What was the unemployment rate among Americans by 1932? | show 🗑
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| show | labor unions
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| What did some Americans question during the Great Depression? | show 🗑
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| show | caused thousands of farm families to migrate
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| show | President Herbert Hoover
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| show | Republican
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| Who ran for president in 1932, what was each candidate’s political party, and who won this election? | show 🗑
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| show | Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)
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| show | a “New Deal”
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| Identify the New Deal. | show 🗑
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| show | 1) federal gov’t. would actively try to solve the nation’s problems2) power of federal gov’t. increased3) federal gov’t. was responsible for American economy
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| show | “three R’s”: relief, recovery, and reform
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| What was the purpose of the New Deal’s relief programs? | show 🗑
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| show | provided direct payments to people for immediate help
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| show | Works Progress Administration (WPA)
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| show | public works = construction projects that benefit the whole society, like highways, bridges, schools, post offices, and parks
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| What was the purpose of the New Deal’s recovery program? | show 🗑
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| Give one example of a New Deal recovery program and explain what it did. | show 🗑
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| What was the purpose of the New Deal’s reform programs? | show 🗑
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| show | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation = protects the money of depositors in insured banks; today FDIC insures deposits up to $100,000
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| show | Social Security Act = offered safeguards for workers, including unemployment insurance and retirement benefits
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| show | to provide care for those Americans, who through no fault of their own could not take care of themselves
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| show | World War II
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| List five short-term and lasting results of the New Deal. | show 🗑
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| What three basic rights did organized labor acquire or gain during the New Deal? | show 🗑
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| show | United Nations
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| show | U.N. = an international organization to promote world peace and progress
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| What organization did the United Nations replace? | show 🗑
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| show | future global wars
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| show | After World War II, Americans believed the U.S. had an important role to play in world affairs, while after World War I Americans retreated into isolationism (refused to join the League of Nations).
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| show | Japan
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| show | Japan’s government became democratic, Japan became a strong ally (friend) of the United States
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| What was the condition of Europe at the end of World War II? | show 🗑
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| What country’s military forces occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of Germany at the end of World War II? | show 🗑
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| show | United States, Britain. and France
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| What did the Allies do to Germany after World War II? | show 🗑
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| show | West Germany became democratic.
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| What happened to East Germany after World War II? | show 🗑
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| What war began soon after World War II ended? | show 🗑
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| Identify the Cold War. | show 🗑
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| What type of war was the Cold War and how long did it last? | show 🗑
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| show | the Cold War
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| show | 1) American domestic politics (issues inside the U.S.)2) conduct of foreign affairs3) role of American gov’t. in the economy after 1945
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| show | Values of western nations, including the U.S.: believed in democracy, individual freedom, free market economic system based on private property and profit
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| show | Values of Soviet Union: totalitarian gov’t. (dictatorship) ruled by communists and a communist or socialist economic system
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| Define socialism. | show 🗑
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| What anti-communist policy did the United States adopt after World War II? | show 🗑
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| Identify containment. | show 🗑
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| What did the United States try to accomplish through the containment policy? | show 🗑
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| Identify the Truman Doctrine. | show 🗑
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| What precedent did the Truman Doctrine set? | show 🗑
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| Identify the Marshall Plan. | show 🗑
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| What was the dual purpose of the Marshall Plan? | show 🗑
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| show | NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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| show | Purpose of NATO: a defensive military alliance between the U.S. and Western European countries to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe
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| show | NATO = an alliance of the U.S., Western European democracies, and Canada to provide mutual aid in the event of armed attack
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| show | 1949 China
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| show | Mao = the leader of the communist Chinese
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| Who was Chiang Kai-shek? | show 🗑
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| Where did Mao force Chiang to flee? | show 🗑
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| show | Taiwan
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| What two events in 1949 increased American fears of communist domination of most of the world? | show 🗑
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| Why did many Americans fear that communist spies held important positions in the federal government? | show 🗑
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| show | Alger Hiss: federal gov’t. official who was accused of passing secret documents to the Soviets in the late 1930s; although Hiss claimed he was innocent, he was convicted of perjury; many Americans believed Hiss was guilty of treason.
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| show | atomic secrets
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| Identify Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. | show 🗑
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| What happened to the Rosenbergs in 1953? | show 🗑
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| Whose political career was advanced by American fears of communism? | show 🗑
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| How did Senator Joseph McCarthy play on American fears of communism? | show 🗑
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| show | Army-McCarthy hearings = the televised investigations in 1954 of alleged Communist influence in the United States army
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| show | McCarthyism = unfairly accusing others of disloyalty and subversion (threatening to overthrow the government)
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| What event in 1950 was a major test for America’s containment policy? | show 🗑
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| What country entered the Korean War after the American military forces counterattacked and drove deep into North Korea? | show 🗑
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| show | Dwight D. Eisenhower
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| show | 1953; ended in stalemate with South Korea still free of communism
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| show | because the U.S. had prevented South Korea from falling under communist control
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| show | “massive retaliation”
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| Identify “massive retaliation.” | show 🗑
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| What position did later presidents take on “massive retaliation”? | show 🗑
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| What promise did American presidents refuse to make to the Soviet Union during the Cold War? | show 🗑
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| What happened in Cuba in 1959? | show 🗑
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| show | Florida
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| show | develop a secret plan to overthrow Castro
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| show | CIA = a federal agency that coordinates the spy activities of the United States gov’t
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| show | Bay of Pigs invasion; CIA trained anti-communist Cubans and landed them on the Cuban coast in an attempt to lead the Cuban people in a revolt against Castro
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| Who became president of the United States in 1961? | show 🗑
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| What happened during the Bay of Pigs invasion? | show 🗑
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| show | Soviet Union
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| show | American spy-plane photographs
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| What action did President Kennedy take to end the Cuban Missile Crisis? | show 🗑
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| With what type of war was the world threatened during the Cuban Missile Crisis? | show 🗑
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| Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis? | show 🗑
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| What type of deal did the United States make with the Soviet Union to end the Cuban Missile Crisis? | show 🗑
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| What threat was always present during the Cold War? | show 🗑
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| Name two ways in which Americans tried to prepare for a possible nuclear attack. | show 🗑
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| show | that “separate but equal” facilities did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment
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| What did the Supreme Court allow the Southern states to do by the Plessy v. Ferguson decision? | show 🗑
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| show | the Southern states’ segregation laws
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| What were Jim Crow laws? | show 🗑
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| When had the Southern states passed Jim Crow laws? | show 🗑
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| What precedent did Plessy v. Ferguson set? | show 🗑
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| show | No. The separate facilities, which the Southern states provided African-Americans, were always separate, but seldom if ever equal.
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| show | to secure the legal rights of African-Americans
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| When and by whom was the NAACP formed? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) to end legal segregation in the Southern states2) to gain the right to vote for Southern blacks
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| Who was one of the early leaders of the NAACP? | show 🗑
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| On what basis did the NAACP attack Jim Crow laws before World War II? | show 🗑
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| How did the NAACP’s attacks on Jim Crow laws change after World War II? | show 🗑
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| Identify the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. | show 🗑
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| show | Thurgood Marshall
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| Identify Oliver Hill. | show 🗑
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| On what desegregation case did Oliver Hill work? | show 🗑
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| How did the Supreme Court rule in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka? | show 🗑
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| show | the Prince Edward County, Virginia school desegregation case
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| Was Virginia still part of the Solid South immediately after World War II? | show 🗑
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| show | a term that indicated the Democratic Party’s complete control of Southern politics during the first half of the 20th century
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| Who was Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr.? | show 🗑
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| show | Massive Resistance
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| show | the Virginia General Assembly
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| show | state laws that made it illegal for Virginia public schools to desegregate, even when they were under federal court order to do so
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| show | allow white children and African-American children to attend the same school
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| show | integration = desegregation = whites and blacks together
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| Did integration and desegregation mean the same thing? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Virginia’s governor closed several public schools, rather than obey federal court orders to integrate them. 2) Upper and middle class whites started private academies so that they could avoid sending their children to integrated public schools
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| show | White families moved from the cities to the suburbs so that their children could attend predominantly white public schools. White flight to the suburbs
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| Did Virginia continue Massive Resistance for very long? | show 🗑
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| show | At first, Virginia accepted federal court ordered school desegregation on a case-by-case basis. By the mid-seventies, Virginia had completely ended its dual school system. Children of all races attended the same public schools.
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| What effect did the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education have on the American South? | show 🗑
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| show | reshape American society
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| What two actions did African-Americans take during the 1950s and 1960s to reshape American public opinion and secure the passage of federal civil rights legislation? | show 🗑
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| show | 1954 (the Brown decision)
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| How did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., gain national television coverage in 1956? | show 🗑
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| show | Montgomery Bus Boycott = the 1955-56 boycott by black citizens of the Montgomery, Alabama bus system to protest segregated seating. The term boycott means African-Americans refused to ride the city buses until the bus company ended segregated seating. T
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| show | The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation on city buses was unconstitutional, because it violated the 14th Amendment by denying Montgomery’s African-American citizens “equal protection of the laws.”
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| show | the Brown decision
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| show | to lobby Congress for passage of major civil rights laws
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| Who made the most famous speech at the 1963 March on Washington, and what was the most famous line of this speech? | show 🗑
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| How many Americans participated in the 1963 March on Washington? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Helped influence public opinion to support major civil rights legislation2) Showed the power of non-violent, mass protest
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| show | John F. Kennedy was assassinated, and Lyndon B. Johnson became president.
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| What president played an important role in gaining Congressional passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the 1965 Voting Rights Act, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968? | show 🗑
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| Identify the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Please be complete. | show 🗑
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| show | 1965 Voting Rights Act: 1) outlawed literacy tests as a requirement for voter registration 2) sent federal registrars to the South to register voters
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| What was a literacy test, and how had Southern states used the literacy test? | show 🗑
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| show | a large increase in the number of African-American voters throughout the South
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| show | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
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| show | outlawed racial discrimination in the sale or rental of housing
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| show | John F. Kennedy
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| Who said the United States would “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty”? | show 🗑
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| Who said, "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country?” | show 🗑
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| What made foreign policy a major issue in every presidential election between 1948 and 1992? | show 🗑
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| How did national defense spending during the Cold War affect Virginia’s economy? | show 🗑
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| show | Hampton Roads and Northern Virginia
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| show | containment
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| show | France
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| show | Ho Chi Minh
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| show | communist
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| show | because Ho Chi Minh was a communist
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| show | France withdrew from Indochina
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| What happened to Vietnam after France’s withdrawal from Indochina? | show 🗑
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| show | the Eisenhower administration feared Ho Chi Minh would win and all of Vietnam would become communist
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| What did the communist government of North Vietnam attempt to install in South Vietnam during the fifties and early sixties? | show 🗑
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| show | South Vietnamese communists who wanted to reunify all of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh; southern revolutionaries who formed the National Liberation Front
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| show | the official name of the Vietcong
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| show | sent large amounts of economic and military aid to South Vietnam
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| show | John F. Kennedy
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| show | Kennedy was assassinated
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| Who succeeded John F. Kennedy as president? | show 🗑
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| show | escalated or increased the American military buildup in Vietnam
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| show | more than 500,000
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| show | limited war” = avoid any military action which might widen the war to include the Soviet Union or communist China
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| show | containment
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| Why did the United States fight a “limited war” in Vietnam? | show 🗑
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| show | divided: many Americans supported the war, while many others opposed the war
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| show | College campuses
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| Who won the 1968 presidential election? | show 🗑
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| During the 1968 presidential campaign, what pledge did Richard Nixon make regarding the Vietnam War? | show 🗑
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| show | “Vietnamization”
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| Define “Vietnamization.” | show 🗑
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| Did “Vietnamization” succeed or fail? | show 🗑
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| What country supplied the North Vietnamese Army? | show 🗑
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| What political scandal caused President Nixon to resign as president in 1974? | show 🗑
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| Define Watergate. | show 🗑
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| Who succeeded Richard Nixon as president? | show 🗑
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| What happened in Vietnam during Gerald Ford’s presidency? | show 🗑
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| show | indifference or outright hostility
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| Who served as President Richard Nixon’s secretary of state in 1972? | show 🗑
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| show | instead of being strong allies, China and the Soviet Union had become rivals for power
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| show | by talking with both the Soviet Union and China, the U.S. hoped to play the two communist countries off against each other
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| show | formal diplomatic relations
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| show | Mao Zedong
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| What is China’s capital? | show 🗑
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| To what other communist country did President Nixon travel in 1972? | show 🗑
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| show | Leonid Brezhnev
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| What was the Soviet Union’s capital? | show 🗑
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| What treaty did the United States and the Soviet Union sign in 1972? | show 🗑
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| Out of what talks did this treaty grow? | show 🗑
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| Define the SALT talks. | show 🗑
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| show | the SALT Treaty was the first step toward ending the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union
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| What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War? | show 🗑
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| Who became president in 1981and to which political party did the new president belong? | show 🗑
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| What did President Reagan try to assert throughout the world during his first term? | show 🗑
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| What did Reagan publicly call the Soviet Union? | show 🗑
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| Under Reagan’s leadership, what did the United States launch? | show 🗑
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| How did Reagan’s new policy affect the United States relationship with the Soviet Union? | show 🗑
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| Under what conditions would President Reagan consider reductions in nuclear arms? | show 🗑
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| What action did President Reagan take in Western Europe during his first term? | show 🗑
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| How did the renewal of the arms race affect the Soviet Union? | show 🗑
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| show | because the Soviet economy was very inefficient
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|
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| Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985? | show 🗑
|
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| What was the dual purpose of the new policies immediately adopted by Mikhail Gorbachev? | show 🗑
|
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| What does the Russian word glasnost mean? | show 🗑
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| Under Glasnost, what did Gorbachev allow in Soviet society for the first time? | show 🗑
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| show | Glasnost = Gorbachev’s policy of encouraging freedom of expression in the Soviet Union
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| show | perestroika = restructuring of Soviet society
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| show | 1) less government control of the economy2) some private enterprise3) steps toward establishing democracy
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| show | economic restructuring
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| What Soviet leader said the Soviet people needed “to teach and to learn democracy”? | show 🗑
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| show | among millions of well-educated Russians
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| show | 1) improvement in their standard of living2) increased freedom in Soviet society
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| show | placed even greater internal pressure on the communist system
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| What other movement did the Gorbachev government face during the late eighties? | show 🗑
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| To what in the United States were the Soviet republics equivalent? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) from its eastern European communist satellites2) President Ronald Reagan
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| What feeling were the eastern European communist nations experiencing during the late eighties? | show 🗑
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| show | satellite = a nation that is formally independent but dominated by another power
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| show | nations of Eastern Europe
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| List the Russian satellites. | show 🗑
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| What movement created great unrest in Poland during the 1980s? | show 🗑
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| show | East Germany
🗑
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| show | President Ronald Reagan
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|
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| What structure divided communist East Berlin from democratic West Berlin? | show 🗑
|
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| show | the Berlin Wall
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|
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| What government had built the Berlin Wall? | show 🗑
|
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| show | 1961 ; to keep East German citizens from escaping to democratic West Germany
🗑
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| show | German citizens began to tear down the Berlin Wall, and the East German government did not try to stop them.
🗑
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| What happened in Germany in late 1990? | show 🗑
|
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| After Germany’s reunification, what quickly happened in the Soviet Union’s other Eastern European satellites? | show 🗑
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| show | It fell apart.
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| What made up the Soviet Union? | show 🗑
|
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| What action did the three Baltic republics take in 1991? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | set precedent for other Soviet republics to declare their independence
🗑
|
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| By the end of 1991 what did Gorbachev agree to do? | show 🗑
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| show | resigned and declared the Soviet Union had ended
🗑
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| What war had ended by the end of 1991? | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
historyisgood4you