APUSH Ch 14 & 15

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Life on the frontier was

downright grim for most pioneer families

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All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic market-oriented national economy in early nineteenth-century America except

government regulation of all major economic activity

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Pioneering Americans marooned by geography were often ill informed superstitious provincial and fiercely individualistic

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For women

life on the frontier was especially difficult because they

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Ecological imperialism as exemplified during the American historical period of 1790-1860 can best be described as

heedless exploitation of natural resources by humans aggressively engaged in economic development and trade

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In early-nineteenth-century America the

urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate

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George Catlin advocated

the preservation of nature as a national policy

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George Catlin advocated

the preservation of nature as a national policy

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The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860

resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities

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The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled then quadrupled in the

1840s and 1850s

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The overwhelming event for Ireland in the 1840s was

the rebellion against British rule and potato famine

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Ireland's great export in the 1840s was

people

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Whether they were propertied or landless immigrants were often enticed to leave their homelands by

letters from family or friends in the United States

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When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s

they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they

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Native-born Protestant Americans trusted the Irish immigrants for all of the following reasons

the Irish immigrants were very slow to learn American English and mostly spoke Gaelic in their urban neighborhoods

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Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish immigrants because

the Irish immigrants were financially poor and initially struggled to make economic gains in American society; the Irish immigrants were thought to love alcohol to excess; the Irish immigrants constructed a network of parish schools that promoted and adva

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German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to

preserve their own language and culture

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German immigrants to the United States

came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government

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The relationship between Irish immigrants and U

preserve their own language and culture

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came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government

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citizens was

the Irish were seen as wage-depressing competitors for jobs by many Protestant American workers; Nativist Americans from the middle and upper classes generally hated the Irish; the Irish often saw signs on factory gates that said "No Irish Need Apply

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When German immigrants came to the United States

they prospered with astonishing ease

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Those nativists who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized in 1849

the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner

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The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called

nativism

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Western road building in the early 1800s faced all of the following problems except

rigorous economic competition from steamboat traffic; which undermined the argument for improved and more connecting western roads

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The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on

Western and Southern rivers

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The canal era of American history began in 1817 with the construction of the

Erie Canal New York

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Construction of the Erie Canal

forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations

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Most early railroads in the United States were built in the

North

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Compared with canals; railroads

could be built almost anywhere with sufficient financial capital

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Western road building in the early 1800s faced all of the following problems except

rigorous economic competition from steamboat traffic; which undermined the argument for improved and more connecting western roads

🗑

The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on

Western and Southern rivers

🗑

The canal era of American history began in 1817 with the construction of the

Erie Canal New York

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Construction of the Erie Canal

forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations

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Most early railroads in the United States were built in the

North

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Compared with canals; railroads

could be built almost anywhere with sufficient financial capital

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Between 1830 and 1860 nearly how many million Irish arrived in America

2 million

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The initial waves of Irish immigrants did not work in which occupation

coopers

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Native-born Protestant Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would do what

outbreed outvote and eventually overwhelm politically socially and culturally the Protestant native-born citizens and culture of America

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Characteristics of german immigrants include what

they tended to be better educated than mainstream Americans- they supported public schools- the arts and music they settled in compact colonies to preserve their language and culture

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Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860 did what

helped to fuel economic expansion

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Identify the following statement that is false

Even though capital was lacking raw materials were widely developed and discovered in America from colonial times through the 1840s

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The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was

Samuel Slater

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Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of what

cotton gin

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A great deal of the cotton produced in the American South in the early nineteenth century was

sold to New England textile mills

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Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was

sold to England for production of textiles in their mills

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The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed

in the New England textile industry

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what was a result a result of the development of the cotton gin

slavery revived and expanded

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The underlying basis for modern mass production was what

the use of interchangeable parts

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The early factory system distributed its economic benefits to who

mostly to the owners

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By the time of the fabled London World's Fair in 1851 American products were prominent among the world's commercial wonders which included all of the following

McCormick's reaper-Colt's firearms-Morse's telegraph

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Who made the telegraph

Samuel Morse What is Cyrus McCormick most known for

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The American workforce in the early nineteenth century was characterized by what

substantial employment of women and children in factories

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One reason that the condition of a significant segment of adult wage earners improved was what

the enfranchisement of the laboring man

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In the case of Commonwealth v Hunt (1842) the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that

labor unions were not illegal conspiracies in Massachusetts provided that their strategies and tactics were honorable and peaceful

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All of the following are true statements about the workers in the Lowell factory system

they were virtually all New England farm girls- they were carefully supervised on and off- the job by watchful matrons- they lived in company boarding houses and were forbidden to form unions

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The cult of domesticity

glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers

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Early-nineteenth-century American families

were getting smaller

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One of the primary goals of the child-centered family of the early-mid 1800s was to

raise independent individuals who would become responsible citizens of the American republic

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The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was to encourage

specialized cash-crop agriculture

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With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West

farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness

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The first major transportation project in the United States; which ran sixty-two miles and was completed in the 1790s; that proved to be a stimulus for western economic developments was the

Lancaster Turnpike

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Western road building in the early 1800s faced all of the following problems

rigorous economic competition from steamboat traffic; which undermined the argument for improved and more connecting western roads

🗑

The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on

Western and Southern rivers

🗑

The canal era of American history began in 1817 with the construction of the

Erie Canal New York

🗑

Construction of the Erie Canal

forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations

🗑

Most early railroads in the United States were built in the

North

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Compared with canals; railroads

could be built almost anywhere with sufficient financial capital

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In general ____ tended to bind the West and South together while ____ and ____ connected West to East

steamboats; canals; railroads

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In the new continental economy each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South ____ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed ____; and the East ____ for the other two regions

grew cotton; eastern factory workers; made machines and textiles

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As the new continental market economy grew

the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world

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A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was

a gradual steady improvement in average wages and standards of living for all workers including unskilled workers

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All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy including

who should own the new transportation network; should the government regulate monopolies; can a democratic government still support slavery

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A third revolution accompanied the reformation of American politics and the transformation of the American economy in the mid-nineteenth century that contained all of the following characteristics including

improved the character of ordinary Americans; made Americans more upstanding and God-fearing; poured their energies into religious revivals and reform movements

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Church attendance was still a regular ritual for ____ of the 23 million Americans in 1850

three-fourths

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The Deist faith embraced all of the following except

the concept of original sin

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The most successful of the early-nineteenth-century communitarian experiments was at

Oneida New York

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The American medical profession by 1860 was noted for

its still primitive standards

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When it came to scientific achievement America in the 1800s was

more interested in practical gadgets than in scientific research

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Thomas Jefferson was an

architect of the University of Virginia

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Gilbert Stuart was an

portrait artist from Rhode Island

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Louisa May Alcott was the

author of Little Women

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Margaret Fuller was an

transcendentalist editor of The Dial

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America's artistic achievements in the first half of the nineteenth century

borrowed heavily from existing European styles in painting and architecture

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Perhaps the greatest inhibiting factor for American artists in the first half of the nineteenth century was the

Puritan prejudice that art was a waste of time

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The Hudson River school excelled in the art of painting

landscapes

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A genuinely American literature received a strong boost from the

wave of nationalism that followed the War of 1812

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Nathaniel Hawthorne was

The Marble Faun

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James Fenimore Cooper was

The Last of the Mohicans

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Herman Melville was

Moby Dick

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Henry David Thorau was

Walden

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Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through

an inner light

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"Civil Disobedience" was an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr was written by the transcendentalist

Henry David Thoreau

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The Poet Laureate of Democracy whose emotional and explicit writings expressed a deep love of the masses and enthusiasm for an expanding America was

Walt Whitman

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The writer who faded to obscurity in the nineteenth century but was recognized as one of America's greatest literary geniuses in the twentieth century and wrote the masterpiece work of fiction Moby Dick was

Herman Melville

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The most noteworthy southern novelist before the Civil War who wrote works such as The Yemasee and The Cassique of Kiawah was

William Gilmore Simms

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One American writer who did not believe in human goodness and social progress was

Edgar Allan Poe

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Louisa May Alcott was

a little woman

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Edgar Allan Poe was

“The Fall of the House of Usher”

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Nathaniel Hawthorne was

the Scarlet Letter

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Ralph Waldo Emerson was

“The American Scholar”

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Virtually all the distinguished American historians who wrote American and Latin American histories during the mid-nineteenth century came from

New England

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Created by: dsharpe302