ABA
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| Data | Result of measurement; measure of some quantifiable dimension of behavior
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| Graphs | A visual format for displaying data; reveals relations among and between a series of measurements and relevant variables
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| Types of Graphs used in ABA | Line graphs (most common), bar graphs, cumulative records, semiogarithmic charts, and scatterplots
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| Line Graphs | The most common graphic format for displaying data in ABA
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| Horizontal Axis (x-axis | Most often represents the passage of time and the presence, absence and/or value of the IV
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| Vertical Axis (y-axis) | Most often represents a range of values of the DV
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| Data Path | Represents the level and trend of behavior between successive points and it the primary focus of attention in the interpretation and analysis of graphed behavior
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| Graphs with multiple data points are used for: | 2 or more dimensions of the same behavior, 2 or more different behaviors, measure the same behavior over different conditions, the same behavior of 2 or more participants
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| Bar Graph (histogram) | Graphically summarizes data; does not have distinct data points representing successive response measurement through time
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| Cumulative Record (or graph) | Developed by Skinner as a means of collecting data in the EAB; a type of graph on which the cumulative number of responses emitted is represented on the vertical axis. The steeper the slope the greater the response rate
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| Cumulative Recorder | A device that automatically draws cumulative records that show the rate of response in real time
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| Overall Response Rate | The rate of response over a given time period (cumulative record)
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| Local Response Rate | The average rate of response during a smaller period of time within a larger period for which an overall response rate has been given (cumulative record)
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| Semi-logarithmic Chart | Used to reveal relationships among different subsets of data or discover the temporal distribution of target behavior; a graph with equal distances on the y-axis that represent changes in behavior; behavior is measured and graphed over time
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| Standard Celeration Chart | A semi-logorithmic chart that shows the celebration of response rates over days, weeks, months, or years; a standardized means of charting and analyzing how frequency of behavior changes over time
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| Precision Teaching | __________ a type of teaching that focuses on celebration; a) learning is best measured as change in response rate, b) learning most often occurs through proportional changes in behavior, and c) past changes in performance can project future learning
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| Scatterplot | A graphic display that shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set with respect to the variables depicted by the x and y axis; used to discover temporal distribution of a target behavior
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| Graphs with multiple data points are used for: | 2 or more dimensions of the same behavior, 2 or more different behaviors, measure the same behavior over different conditions, the same behavior of 2 or more participants
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| Bar Graph (histogram) | Graphically summarizes data; does not have distinct data points representing successive response measurement through time
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| Cumulative Record (or graph) | Developed by Skinner as a means of collecting data in the EAB; a type of graph on which the cumulative number of responses emitted is represented on the vertical axis. The steeper the slope the greater the response rate
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| Cumulative Recorder | A device that automatically draws cumulative records that show the rate of response in real time
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| Overall Response Rate | The rate of response over a given time period (cumulative record)
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| Local Response Rate | The average rate of response during a smaller period of time within a larger period for which an overall response rate has been given (cumulative record)
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| Semi-logarithmic Chart | Used to reveal relationships among different subsets of data or discover the temporal distribution of target behavior; a graph with equal distances on the y-axis that represent changes in behavior; behavior is measured and graphed over time
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| Standard Celeration Chart | A semi-logorithmic chart that shows the celebration of response rates over days, weeks, months, or years; a standardized means of charting and analyzing how frequency of behavior changes over time
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| Precision Teaching | __________ a type of teaching that focuses on celebration; based on the position that a) learning is best measured as change in response rate, b) learning most often occurs through proportional changes in behavior, and c) past changes in performance can p
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| Scatterplot | A graphic display that shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set with respect to the variables depicted by the x and y axis; used to discover temporal distribution of a target behavior
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| Scale Break | Discontinuities in the progression of time on the horizontal axis should be indicated by a __________: an open spot in the axis with a squiggly line at the end
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| Visual Analysis | __________ should answer 2 questions: Did behavior change in a meaningful way, and if so, to what extent can that change in behavior be attributed to the IV?
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| Variability | How often and the extent to which multiple measures of behavior yield different outcomes
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| Level | The value on the vertical axis scale around which a set of behavioral measures converge
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| Mean Level Line | A horizontal line through the data series indicating the average performance within a given condition
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| Median Level Line | A line drawn through the data series that represents the most typical performance within a condition
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| Trend | The overall direction taken by a data path
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| Trend Line | A straight line drawn through the data that visually represents the direction and degree of trend
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| Split-Middle Line of Progress | How is this different from a trend line?
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