Procedures 2 (cranial, facial, nasal, sinus, zygo, ect..)
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| Towne method. Patient and part position? CR? | show 🗑
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| Towne method. Patient is unable to flex neck to get OML perpindicular, what do you do? | show 🗑
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| show | dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids visualized in the foramen magnum
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| show | superior
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| Towne/Haas skull. Overangulation of CR or excessive flexion has what appearance? | show 🗑
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| Lateral skull may show air fluid levels in what sinus? What is this a sign of? | show 🗑
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| Lateral skull patient and part position? CR? | show 🗑
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| show | Rotation. (superior and inferior separation of horizontal is tilt)
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| show | Tilt. (anterior and posterior separation of vertical is rotation)
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| Caldwell skull and facial bones and sinus. Patient and part position? CR? | show 🗑
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| show | superior orbital fissures, foramen rotundum, and inferior orbital rim region.
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| show | frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses
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| What view/s show the superior orbital fissures within the orbits? | show 🗑
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| show | Caldwell
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| show | Left side
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| PA skull. Patient and part position? CR? | show 🗑
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| show | PA skull
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| show | submentovortex. SMV is for pathology of inner temporal bone structures, skull base.
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| SMV skull. Patient and part position? CR? | show 🗑
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| show | mandibular mentum anterior to ethmoid sinuses
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| Alternative position for patients who cannot flex neck sufficiently for Towne? | show 🗑
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| show | OML perp to IR, CR angled 25 degrees cephalic TO OML. CR pass through level of EAM and exit 1.5 inches superior to nasion
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| *All cranial series has OML perp to IR except | show 🗑
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| Lat facial bones. CR where? | show 🗑
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| show | MML is perp (OML FORMS A 37 DEGREE ANGLE TO IR!) CR perp to exit at acanthion.
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| show | petrous ridges just inferior to maxillary sinuses
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| *** which position puts the OML at a 37 degree angle to the IR? | show 🗑
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| show | caldwell with 30 degree caudal angle to project petrous ridges below IOM. Or modified waters could be done with 55 degree OML to IR.
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| What view demonstrates the superior orbital rim and the anterior nasal spine?.. | show 🗑
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| Modified waters facial bones. Patient position and CR? | show 🗑
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| show | Modified waters
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| Modified waters, where are the petrous ridges? Orbital floors? | show 🗑
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| kV range for nasal bones? | show 🗑
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| CR center for lat nasal bones? | show 🗑
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| Superoinferior tangential (axial) nasal bones: CR to _____ and angle as needed to ensure that it is parallel to ____. | show 🗑
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| On superoinferior tangential (Axial) nasal bones: if you see alveolar ridge what is the issue? If you see too much glabella? | show 🗑
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| show | IOML. CR perp to IR @ midway between arches, 1.5 inches below mandibular symph
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| How to tell if SMV of zygo arches is positioned correctly? (what is superimposed..) | show 🗑
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| show | IOML. head rotated 15 toward side of interest, chin tilted 15 toward side of interest. CR to zygo arch of interest (which is downside)
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| show | downside. (PT is rotated and tilted 15 degrees toward side of interest.. pt is on vertex..)
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| show | 1 inch above glabella (to pass through arches.. at level of gonion) (so OML or IOML is perp to IR and able 30 or 37 degrees caudal)
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| Oblique mandible. Head in true lateral best demonstrates what | show 🗑
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| show | body
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| oblique mandible. 45 degrees rotation best demonstrates what | show 🗑
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| show | general survey of mandible. (lat is for ramus, 30 is for body, 45 is for mentum)
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| Oblique mandible rotation and/CR angle should not exceed | show 🗑
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| show | OML, CR exit at junction of lips. (unless looking for true PA of the body.. then raise chin to bring AML perp)
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| show | Instead of OML perp, raise chin so AML is perp
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| show | CR 20-25 cephalic, exit at acanthion
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| show | OML perp to IR (or IOML and add 7 degrees.) CR angle 35-42 degrees caudal to glabella.
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| What view/s is for condyloid processes of mandible and TM fossae? | show 🗑
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| show | 40 caudal (reduces superimposition of TM fossae and mastoid portions of temporal bones)
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| SMV mandible. ___ is parallel to IR, CR @? | show 🗑
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| show | 3 inches above nasion
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| Axiolateral oblique TMJS is aka axiolateral TMJ is aka | show 🗑
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| Axiolateral oblique TMJS (modified law): How to position patient? CR? | show 🗑
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| How to tell if axiolateral oblique TMJS are open mouthed? | show 🗑
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| show | True lateral, IPL/IOML is perp to IR. CR 25-30 caudal @ .5 inches anterior and 2 inches superior to upside EAM
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| show | midway between outer canthus and EAM
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| show | Ideally, IR tilted 15 degrees with CR horizontal, placing OML perp to IR creates 15 degrees from horizontal. (to asses fluid levels).. otherwise just make sure pt extends head up slightly to put OML 15 degrees from horiz & use a PERP CR! CR exit @ nasion
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| show | exact same as waters facial bones. MML perp to IR and CR @ acanthion
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| Caldwell sinuses are exact same as | show 🗑
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| *All SMV views are same CR and Position* What is the patient position and CR at? (What are the 4 SMV projections of?) | show 🗑
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| show | Open mouth waters sinuses (parietoacanthial transoral)
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| show | OML, MML is perp with mouth closed, CR to exit at acanthion
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| Open mouth waters of sinuses, what is visualized through open mouth? | show 🗑
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| show | IOML parallel. CR and MSP are perpendicular. CR is perp to IOML/IR. CR @ 1.5-2 inches below mandibular symph
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| TOWNES projections: what is perp to IR? CR angle (for skull and zygo arches, and for mandible and TMJS? Centering for each? | show 🗑
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| CALDWELL projections: what is perp to IR? CR angle? Centering? | show 🗑
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| PA 0 degree projections: What is perp to IR? Centering? (mandible and skull) | show 🗑
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| LATERAL projections: What is parallel to IR? What is perp to IR? CR angle? Centering? | show 🗑
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| show | MML and CR are perp to IR. Facial, nasal, zygomatic, orbits, sinuses.. all exit @ acanthion. (*modified for facial bones and orbits is LML is perp*)
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