ABA Terms
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| Applied Behavior Analysis | Evidenced based applied science, discovering environmental variables that influence socially significant behavior
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| Science | Determinism, systematic approach, natural world
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| 3 levels of scientific understanding | Description, Prediction, Control
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| Description | quantified and classified (Number of praise statements made by teachers in the classroom)
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| Prediction | Two events may regularly occur at same time.
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| Control | Highest level of scientific understanding, functional relation
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| 6 attitudes of science | DEER PP
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| Determinism | Cause and effect, Lawfulness, If/Then Statements, world is orderly and predictable
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| Empiricism | FACTS, experimental, data based scientific approach
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| Experimentation | Manipulating variables to see effect on DV, basic strategy of most sciences, all variables must be controlled except DV
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| Replication | Repeating experiments, determine the reliability
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| Parsimony | Simple, fewest assumptions, keep it simple stupid
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| Philosophical Doubt | Healthy skepticism
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| 7 Dimensions of ABA | BATCAGE
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| Behavioral | Observable events, (raising your hand)
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| Applied | Socially significant behaviors, improves everyday life
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| Technological | Replicable like a recipe, detail
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| Conceptually Systematic | tied to basic principles of ABA (PER) Punishment, extinction, reinforcement
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| Analytical | A functional relationship is demonstrated, Experimental control
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| Generality | Extends behavior change across time, settings, or other behaviors
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| Effective | Did it work? Improves behavior
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| Mentalism | What the HEC? (Hypothetical construct, explanatory fiction, circular reasoning) Freud, talk therapy, inner dimension
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| Hypothetical Constructs | Free will, using the diagnosis to explain behavior, presumed but unobserved entities
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| Explanatory Fictions | knows, wants, figure out
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| Circular reasoning | He cried because he felt sad, cause and effect are both inferred from the same information
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| Behaviorism | Philosophy of the science of behavior. Environmental explanations of behavior
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| 4 Branches of Behavior analysis | CASE (Conceptual Analysis (Behaviorism), ABA, Behavior Service Delivery, Experimental Analysis of behavior (EAB)
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| Ivan Pavlov | Respondent conditioning with dogs, 1906 first study
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| John Watson | Methodological behaviorism, publicly observable events, Little Albert experiment, no private events
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| B.F. Skinner | Radical behaviorism, included private events,
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| 2 Primary Types of Behavior | Respondent and Operant
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| Respondent Behavior | Elicited, Involuntary, Reflex, US-UR, unlearned behaviors, Phylogenic
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| Habituation | When the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time, the strength of the respondent behavior diminishes. (Bright light in eyes makes pupil constriction lessen.)
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| Respondent Conditioning | Ivan Pavlov bell....... US,UR,NS,CR,CS
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| Operant Behavior | Emike/Evoke, Voluntary Action, 3-term contingency, S-R-S, Ontogenic (interaction with environment), history with consequences
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| Operant Contingency | The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the behavior. (You can stay up later by one hour if you get all your chores done.)
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| What is the primary unit of Analysis in ABA? | 3 Term Contingency A-B-C
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| 3 principles of behavior | Punishment, Extinction, Reinforcement (PER)
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| Contiguity | When 2 stimuli occur close together IN TIME, resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli
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| Response | Single instance of behavior
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| Response Class | A group of behaviors that comprise an operant. 1 question= different answers.
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| Stimulus | Internal or external, an energy change, physical events that affect the bx of an individual, can be described formally
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| 3 types of nervous systems | PIE: Proprioceptive, interoceptive, exteroceptive
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| Proprioceptive | Balance and movement (Propel take for muscles)
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| interoceptive, | Internal events, (headache, hunger pains)
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| exteroceptive | Think 5 senses, (Hearing, smelling)
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| Stimulus class | Antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class
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| 3 types of stimulus classes | FOR THE FUN (FTF) Formal, Temporal, Functional
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| Formal Stimulus Class | Physical Feature (topography), size, color, on top
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| Temporal Stimulus Class | TIME, changes that exist or occur prior to a behavior or after a behavior.
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| Functional Stimulus Class | Hearing a buzz when you have a text messages or your battery is low
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| Feature Stimulus Class | All dogs (common topographies
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| Arbitrary Stimulus Class | Limited number of stimuli, Evoke same response but they do NOT share a common stimulus feature. 50%, 1/2, 0.5 do not look alike but share the same meaning
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| Consequences | Only affect future behavior, immediate have the greatest effect
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| Automaticity | A person does not have to know hat a consequence means for it to work. Operant conditioning occurs automatically.
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| Positive reinforcement | AKA: Type I Reinforcement Sr+, increases the future frequency of behavior.
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| 5 types of positive reinforcers | EATSS
Edible, Activity, Tangible, Social, Sensory
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| Negative Reinforcement | AKA: Type II, Sr- Reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior.
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| 2 Types of Negative Reinforcement | Escape and Avoidance
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| Escape | escape from an ongoing aversive stimulus (walk out of a boring lecture)
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| Avoidance | A response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.
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| Discriminated Avoidance | A signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer. (Checking the traffic report to avoid the freeway traffic while going to work)
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| Free-Operant Avoidance | No warning, the avoidance is free to occur at any time.
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| Unconditioned reinforcer | No learning history required, stimulus change that can increase future frequency without prior pairing (Food, water, hot, cold) (Phylogency)
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| Conditioned Reinforcer | NS- functions as a reinforcer through S-S pairing with one or more UR or CR. (Tone with food)
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| Generalized conditioned reinforcer | Money, token systems, social attention and social praise. CR that is paired with many UR and CR's
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| Punishment | Decreases the future frequency of behavior. 2 term contingency B-C.
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| Recovery from punishment | Punishment is stopped, its effects on behavior are not permanent.
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| Behavioral Contrast | A change in one component of a multiple schedule that is accompanied by a change in the opposite direction on another component.
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| Positive Punishment | AKA: Type I. Addition of stimulus that decreases in future frequency of behavior
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| 5 types of positive punishment interventions | ROSER
Reprimands
Overcorrection
Shock
Exercise
Response Blocking
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| Reprimands | No! Stop!
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| Overcorrection | Restitutional Overcorrection: Repair environment to original state and make it better.
Positive Practice: Repeatedly perform the correct behavior
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| Negative Punishment | AKA: Type II, removal of stimulus that decreases future frequency of behavior.
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| Negative Punishment Procedures | Response Cost
Time Out Procedures
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| Response Cost | Loss of specific amount of reinforcement contingent on a behavior.
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| Bonus Response Cost | Students usually get 15 minutes of recess but you give them a bonus 15 that you can take away from.
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| Direct Fines | Direct loss of positive reinforcers, Lose 5 minutes of recess time.
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| Non-exclusionary time out | Not removed from space, less restrictive
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| 4 Types of Non-Exclusionary Time Out | IWOR
Planned Ignoring
Withdrawal of a specific Positive Reinforcer
Observation
Ribbon
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| Ribbon/Time out Ribbon | On= can earn reinforcement
Off=Cannot earn reinforcement
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| 3 Types of Exclusionary Time Out | RPH
Room-Time out room
Partition time out
Hallway time out
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| Extinction | Previously reinforced response is discontinued so that behavior decreases in the future. Not a punishment procedure
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| 3 Types of Extinction | PAN
Positive Reinforcement
Automatic Reinforcement (light switch)
Negative Reinforcement
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| Extinction Burst | The burst is first, immediate increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.
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