Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

common skin disorders of the integumentary system

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
What is Dermatitis (eczema) assoc. with?   inflammation of the skin, redness, itching and skin lesions  
🗑
List 2 causes of Dermatitis   Allergic (contact dermatitis) and Actinic (photosensitivity)  
🗑
What does the acute stage of dermatitis include   red, oozing, crusting rash, extensive erosions, and exudate  
🗑
What does the sub-acute stage of dermatitis include   scaling, scattered plaques and erythamatous skin  
🗑
What does the chronic stage of Dermatitis include   thick skin, marks due to scratching and postinflammatory pigmentation  
🗑
When treating a pt with dermatitis what substance should you avoid using when utilizing some modalities   alcohol  
🗑
Daily care for dermatitis includes what 2 things   lubrication and hydration  
🗑
How does bacteria typically enter the body   by entering an abrasion or puncture wound  
🗑
What 2 bacteria typically cause impetigo   staphylococci and streptococci  
🗑
Give 4 features of impetigo   itching, inflammation, contagious, and assoc. with small pus filled vesicles  
🗑
Cellulitis is suppurative inflamm of ________ or _________ tissue in or close to the skin   cellular, connective  
🗑
What 2 bacteria usually cause cellulitis to form   staphylococci and strptococci  
🗑
Describe the appearence of an area with cellulitis (5)   poorly defined, widespread, hot skin, red skin, edematous (swelled) skin  
🗑
Is cellulitis contagious   yes, it can be  
🗑
A person with cellulitis shouls do what 3 things to manage their condition   cool, wet dressings and antibiotics, and elevate the extremity  
🗑
What conditions can result from untreated cellulitis (4)   lymphangitis, gangrene, sepsis, and abcess  
🗑
What is an abcess   cavity, pus-filled, inflammed tissue  
🗑
An abcess is the result of a ______ infection   local  
🗑
What type of bacteria usually causes an abcess   staphylococcal  
🗑
What 2 places is Herpes I usually found   mouth and face  
🗑
What 2 symptoms are assoc. with herpes I   itching and soreness  
🗑
Where is Herpes II found usually   genital  
🗑
How is Herpes II spread   by sexual contact  
🗑
Shingles is also known as   Herpes Zoster  
🗑
Why does shingles happen   It is a reactiviation of the chicken pox virus lying dormant in the cerebral ganglia, or ganglia of posterior nerve roots  
🗑
in Herpes zoster the pt. gets pain and tingling along spinal or cranial nerve ________ pattern   dermatome, it follows the infected nerve  
🗑
What symptoms are assoc. with herpes zoster (6)   itching, soreness, fever, chills, malaise, and GI disturbances  
🗑
The neuralgic pain from herpes zoster may last _________, ________ or ________   weeks, months, years  
🗑
Herpes Zoster is only contagious in people that have not had what childhood virus   chicken pox  
🗑
What 2 modalities are contraindicated for patients with active Herpes Zoster   ultrasound and heat  
🗑
Is there a cure for Herpes zoster   no, conservative management using steroids, and anti-viral tx's  
🗑
What virus causes warts   HPV (human papilloma viruses)  
🗑
How are warts contracted   through direct contact  
🗑
What type of precautions should be used with someone who has warts   standard precautions  
🗑
What is the management for warts   cryotherapy, acids, over-the-counter meds, electrodesication  
🗑
Ringworm and athletes foot are 2 types of _______ infection   fungal  
🗑
How is ringworm and athletes foot transmitted   direct contact  
🗑
what type of precautions are used if tx'ing a pt with ring worm or athletes foot   standard precautions  
🗑
Parasitic infections are cuased by   insect or animal contact  
🗑
scabies is becuase of   mites that borrow into the skin  
🗑
you treat scabies with   scabicide  
🗑
lice is a type of _____________ infection   parasitic  
🗑
lice are treated with   special soap or shampoo  
🗑
how are parasitic infections transmitted   direct contact  
🗑
what type of precautions should be used when a patient has a parasitic infection   standard  
🗑
Name some immune disorders of the skin (4)   psoriasis, lupus, scleroderma and polumyositis  
🗑
is psoriasis acute or chronic   chronic  
🗑
what type of course does psoriasis run   exaccerbations and remissions  
🗑
3 possible causes of psoriasis (3)   hereditary, drugs, assoc. immune disorder  
🗑
what is psoriasis treated with   corticosteroids, coal tar, methotrexate, UV light (be careful make sure patient is sensitive or allergic to UV light)  
🗑
Lupus is a ________, and ____________ inflammatory disorder of ____________ tissue   chronic, progressive, connective  
🗑
Name the 2 types of lupus   discoid (DLE)and systemic (SLE)  
🗑
Describe discoid lupus (4)   only skin involvement, flares up with sun exposure, hypo/hyper pigmentation, scars b/c of lesions  
🗑
Descibe SLE (systemic)   chronic, multiple organ systems involved, can be fatal b/c of involvemnt in the major organ systems  
🗑
what gender does SLE occur in more men or women   women  
🗑
Symptoms of SLE   butterfly rash, fever, malaise, chronic fatigue, skin lessions, arthralgia, arthritis, anemia, hair loss, photosensitivity, and raynaud's phenomenon (sensitivity to cold)  
🗑
is there a cure for lupus   no  
🗑
how do they treat lupus   corticosteroid, anti-malarials, cytotoxic agents (immunosuppressive agents), pain medicine  
🗑
What are some side effects of corticosteroids to look for in your patients   increased risk of infection, osteoporosis, wt. gain, HTN, bruising, myopathy, tendon ruptures, diabetes, gastric irritation, and low paotassium  
🗑
Scleroderma is a _______, _______ disease of connective tissue   chronic, diffuse (widespread)  
🗑
What does it cause int eh skin, joints, blood vessels and internal organs   fibrosis  
🗑
define fibrosis   taut, firm, hardening  
🗑
In scleroderma with skin involvement is it symmetrical or assymetrical   symmetrical  
🗑
What treatments are there for scleroderma   corticosteroids, vasodilators, analgesics, immunosuppressive agents  
🗑
How can physical therapy affect scleroderma   slow the development of contracture and deformity  
🗑
Scleroderma skin is ________ sensitive skin   pressure  
🗑
Polymyositis is a disease of ________ tissue characterized by inflamm, edema, and degeneration of __________   connective, muscles  
🗑
What types of muscles are affected by polymyositis   proximal muscles  
🗑
is the damage done by polymyositis symmetrical or assymetrical   symmetrrical  
🗑
If there is cardiac muscle involvement with the patients polymyositis it can be _______   fatal  
🗑
too much exercise in a patient with polymyositis can cause ___________ muscle fiber ________   additonal , muscle  
🗑
In polymyositis ____________ and ________ ulcers can result from prolonged bedrest   contractures and pressure  
🗑
is a basal cell carcinoma benign or malignant   malignant  
🗑
does a basal cell carcinoma metastisize   not usually  
🗑
A basal cell carcinoma is assoc with pronlonged _____ ___________-   sun exposure  
🗑
is a basal cell carcinoma fast or slow growing   slow growing  
🗑
Describe the features of a basal cell carcinoma (4)   raised patch, ivory in color, rolled border, indented center  
🗑
Does a squamous cell carcinoma usually metastasize   yes  
🗑
is a squamous cell carcinoma fast or slow growing   fast  
🗑
A squamous cell carcinoma is common on _____ exposed areas   sun  
🗑
Describe a squamous cell carcinoma (3)   flat, red, poorly defined margins  
🗑
What is a malignant melanoma   tumor arsing from melanocytes  
🗑
What are the clincial manifestations of a malignant melanoma? Hint ABCD's   A - assymetry, uneven edgesB - borders, irregular, poorly definedC - color, black , brown, red or whiteD - diameter, larger than 6mm  
🗑
What are the risk factors for a malignant melanoma   intense sun exposure (repeated sun burns), family hx, people with fair skin and/or freckles  
🗑
what is the tx for malignant melanoma   surgical resection  
🗑
define contusion   bruise with pain, swelling, and discoloration, skin is unbroken, APPLY cold immed  
🗑
define ecchymosis   trauma to underlying blood vessels, turns blue cuase blood enters subcutaneous tissue  
🗑
define Petechiae   tiny hemorrhage w/in dermal/submucosal layers, pinpoint in size red or purple in color  
🗑
define abrasion   scraping away of skin  
🗑
define laceration   irregular tear of skin (jagged wound)  
🗑
define Pruritus   itching  
🗑
define urticaria   smooth, red, elevated patches of skin (hives)  
🗑
define rash   local redness and itching  
🗑
define xeroderma   excessive dryness  
🗑
How many integumenatary preferred practice patterns are there   5  
🗑
What is pattern A for Integ   primary prevention for integ disorders  
🗑
What is pattern B for Integ   Superficial skin involved - impaired integrity  
🗑
What is pattern C for Integ   Partial thickness skin and scar formation - impaired integrity  
🗑
What is pattern D for integ   Full-thickness skin and scar formaiton - impaired integrity  
🗑
What is pattern E for integ   skin involvement extending to fascia, muscle or bone and scar formation - impaired ingteg integrirty  
🗑
What types of modalities can you use with a broad spectrum of integumentary disorders (11)   manual lyphatic drainage, therapeutic massage, dressing and topical agents, TENS, HVPC, EMS (electrical muscle stimulation), ultrasound, phonophoresis, hydrotherapy, UV light, compression therapies  
🗑
Name 4 types of Burns   thermal, chemical, electrical and radioactive agents  
🗑
Name the 3 zones of a burn wound   zone of coagulation, zone of statis, zone of hyperemia  
🗑
Name the zone assoc with cell death and irreversible cell injury   zone of coagulation  
🗑
Name the zone assoc with cell injury, patient needs to get treatment within 24-48 hours   zone of stasis  
🗑
Name the zone assoc with minimal cell injury and cell recovery   zone of hyperemia  
🗑
Define a critical burn   10% of body or more with 3rd degree burns, 30% or more with 2nd degree burns  
🗑
Define a moderate burn   less than 10% with 3rd degree burns, 15-30% of body with 2nd degree burns  
🗑
Define a minor burn   less than 2% with 3rd degree burns and less than 15% with 2nd degree burns  
🗑
Rule of nines (adult)   Head and neck - 9%Ant trunk - 18%Post trunk - 18%Each arm - 9%Each Leg - 18%Perineum - 1%  
🗑
Head, Right ant arm and front of trunk are burned what percentage of the body is burned   31.5%  
🗑
Left leg (ant/post), perineum, and right ant leg is burned what percentage of the body is burned   28%  
🗑
post trunk, perinueum and post of both legs is burned what percentage of the body is burned   37%  
🗑
1st degree burn is also known as a   superficial burn  
🗑
What is damaged in a 1st degree burn   epidermis only  
🗑
Healing of a 1st degree burn occurs in   3-7 days  
🗑
A superficial burn (1st) is characterized by (3)   erythema, slight edema, tenderness (NO BLISTERS)  
🗑
A 2nd degree burn is also known as a   superficial partial-thickness burn or Deep partial thickness burn  
🗑
what is damaged in a sup partial thickness burn   epidermis and upper layers of dermis  
🗑
what is a sup partial thickness burn characterized by (3)   inflammation, pain, blisters  
🗑
how long does a sup partial thickness burn take to heal   7-21 days  
🗑
A deep partial thickness burn damages what structures   epidermis, dermis, and injury to nerve endings, hair follicles and sweat glands  
🗑
what are the characteristics of a deep partial thickness burn   red/white, edema, blistering and severe pain  
🗑
how long does a deep partial thickness burn take to heal   21-28 days  
🗑
full thickness burn is also known as   3rd degree burn  
🗑
A 3rd degree burn is what color   white, gray or black (charred)  
🗑
is a 3rd degree burn wet or dry   dry  
🗑
do people have pain with 3rd degree burns   no  
🗑
What is eschar   scab or dry crust must be debrided  
🗑
3rd degree burns are assoc. with an increased risk of ___________   infection  
🗑
what is the difference b/t a hypertrophic scar and a keloid scar   BOTH are raised red and firmhypertrophic- stays w/in the borders of original burnkeloid scar - extends beyond the boundaries of the original burn  
🗑
What is a 4th Degree burn also known as   subdermal burn  
🗑
what is destroyed in a 4th degree burn   epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues with muscle and/or bone involvement  
🗑
What causes 4th degree burns   electrical burn, prolonged exposure to flame  
🗑
A 4th degree burn often requires _________ or _________   surgery or amputation  
🗑
what is the first thing you should do in emergency burn management   immersion in cold water or cold compresses, then cover with sterile bandage (no ointments or creams)  
🗑
What are some of the complications that can occur with a burn injury?   infection, shock, pulm complications (smoke inhalation, pneumonia, restrictive lung disease if trunk is burned), metabolic complications (wt. loss, neg nitrogen balance, decreased energy, Cardiac complications (increased fluid loss = decreased CO)  
🗑
The Epidermis heals by   epithelization  
🗑
the dermis heals by   scar formation (injured tissue replaced by CT)  
🗑
Describe the inflammatory phase of healing   3-5 days, red, edema, warmth, pain, decreased ROM  
🗑
Describe the proliferative phase of healing   fibroblasts form scar, Wound contraction, Re-epithelization may still occur  
🗑
Describe the maturation phase of healing   up to 2 years long, b/c scar formation can last that long, hypertrophic or keloid scar forms  
🗑
What is sepsis   local or generalized invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins  
🗑
Asepsis and wound care - should clothing be removed   yes  
🗑
Asepsis and wound care - should the wound be cleansed   yes  
🗑
Asepsis and wound care - what 2 techniques are used in wound care management   open - topical anti-bacterial agents on skin with no bandageclosed - dressing on top of a topcial agent  
🗑
Name 3 anti-bacterial topical agents typically used with burns   silver nitrate (used w/wet dressings)surface organisms only, Silver sulfadiazine, andSulfamylon penetrates through eschar  
🗑
If you were working in the hospital with a burn victim what should be monitored   vital signs, urinary output, electrolyte levels, arterial blood gases, gastrointestinal function  
🗑
Primary excision removes what   surgical removal of the eschar  
🗑
A Z-plasty is a resection of a ______ contracture   scar, used to lenthen it  
🗑
Grafts are used to _______ the wound   close  
🗑
Autograft   use pt's own skin  
🗑
Allograft (homograft)   another human's skin  
🗑
Xenograft (heterograft)   skin from another species  
🗑
biosynthetic grafts   collagen and synthetics  
🗑
cultured skin   lab grown from pt's own skin  
🗑
split-thickness graft   epidermis and upper layers of dermis from donor site  
🗑
full-thickness graft   epidermis and dermis from donor site  
🗑
ant neck splinting for burns   hyperext w/plastic cervical orthosis  
🗑
shoulder splinting for burns   flexion, ER, ABD  
🗑
elbow splinting for burns   extension and sup  
🗑
hand splinting for burns   15 deg wrist extension70 deg MCP extensionPIP and DIP extensionthumb ABD  
🗑
Hip splinting for burns   extension, ABD, neutral rot  
🗑
knee splinting for burns   extension w/post knee splint  
🗑
ankle splinting for burns   df with foot in ankle neutral  
🗑
what is the etiology of arterial ulcers   arteriosclerosis obliterans, non-healing trauma, chronic arterial insufficiency, artheroembolism  
🗑
what is the etiology of venous ulcers   chronic venous infufficicency, venous HTN, hx of DVT, valvular incompetance  
🗑
An arterial ulcer appears   irregular, smooth edges, DEEP wound  
🗑
an venous ulcer appears   dark pigmented, sometimes fibrotic, shallow  
🗑
Where does an arterial ulcer form   distal lower leg usually on toes and feet, lat malleolus, ant tibial area  
🗑
where does on venous ulcer form   med malleolus, and distal lower leg  
🗑
Are pedal pulses absent or present in an arterial ulcer   diminished or absent  
🗑
Are pedal pulses absent or present in an venous ulcer   present  
🗑
When the legs are elevated an arterial ulcer feels _______ painful and a venous ulcer feels _______ painful   more, less  
🗑
does a venous ulcer have exudate   yes  
🗑
Gangrene may be _________ in an arterial ulcer and _________ in a venous ulcer   present, absent  
🗑
what are the assoc signs of a arterial ulcer   trophic changes, pallor in foot upon elevation, Rubor upon dependency  
🗑
What are the assoc signs of venous ulcer   edema, cyanosis upon dependency (not always)  
🗑
what is the etiology of a diabetic ulcer   DIABETES - assoc with arterial and neuropathy  
🗑
where do diabetic ulcers usually occur   plantar aspect of foot sometimes lat malleolus  
🗑
are diabetic ulcers painful   not usually  
🗑
what fatal condition is assoc with diabetic foot ulcers   sepsis  
🗑
Will the pt with a diabetic neuropathy have an ankle reflex   no, b/c of neuropathy  
🗑
A pressure ulcer (Decub, bed sore) is caused by   unrelieved pressure resulting in ishcemic hypoxia and damage to underlying tissues  
🗑
shearing is caused by an   external force  
🗑
friction is caused by an   rolling or sliding over something  
🗑
what color is a pressure ulcer   red, brown/black or yellow  
🗑
how many stages of pressure ulcers are there   4  
🗑
A stage I pressure ulcer   nonblanchable erythema, pain/itching, skin may be cool or warm, tissue consitency may be firm or boggy  
🗑
A stage II pressure ulcer   superficial ulcer involves epidermis and/or dermis, abrasion, blister  
🗑
a stage III pressure ulcer   full-thickness skin loss may extend down to but not through underlying fascia, deep crater  
🗑
a stage IV pressure ulcer   full thickness skin loss, extensive destruction of tissue, damage to muscle or bone or suppporting structures  
🗑
To assess the size of a wound what 4 things should be looked at   length, width, depth, and wound area  
🗑
what 2 tools should you use to assess area and depth   film grid, q-tip (depth)  
🗑
What is tunneling   underlying tissue destruction beneath intact skin  
🗑
what is serous fluid   watery-like serum  
🗑
what is purulent fluid   contains pus  
🗑
what is sanguinous fluid   contains blood  
🗑
what is a red wound indicative of   healthy granulated tissue  
🗑
what is a yellow wound indicative of   contains slough(dead tissue) is fibrous tissue  
🗑
what is a black wound indicative   dried necrotic tissue(eschar)  
🗑
what is an indolent ulcer   an ulcer slow to heal, not painful  
🗑
what is a halo of erythema around a wound indicative of   cellulitis  
🗑
What is maceration indicative of   may lead to wound deterioration or enlargement  
🗑
what are trophic changes   wound is poorly arterially supported  
🗑
Name some topical anti-mircrobials   silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine, erythromycin, gentamycin, neomycin, triple antibiotic  
🗑
Name some anti-inflammatory agents   corticosteroids, hydrocortisone, ibuprofen, indomethacin  
🗑
Name one topic anesthetic   lidocaine  
🗑
Describe a vacuum assisted closure   open cell foam dressing put in a wound, the subatmospheric pressure is controlled, 125mmHG, controls edema, increases blood flow, and removes infectious material  
🗑
what is hyperbaric oxygen therapy   pt reaches 100% oxygen in a chamber with a raised atmospheric pressure, this reverses hypoxia by oversaturating oxygen in blood  
🗑
what is Pulsatile lavage   squeezable bottle with suction to remove wound debris  
🗑
when is a whirlpool indicated in wound care   ulcers with a lot of exudate, slough and necrotic tissue  
🗑
what is wound debridement   removal of necrotic or infected tissue which decreases bacteria and improves wound healing  
🗑
what is an unna boot   a pliable nonstretchable dressing impregnated with ointment  
🗑
what types of e-stim can you use on a wound   direct current with continuous waveform, HVPC, MENS, alternating biphasic current  
🗑
lift don't ______   drag  
🗑
is it best to use a transfer board in w/c transfers   yes minimize shear and friction forces  
🗑
what is a hydrocolloid   adhesive waters that interact with wound fluid to form a gel over it  
🗑
is a hydrocolloid semiocculsive or occlusive   both  
🗑
what types of wounds would a hydrocolloid be good for   partial-thickness, mild-exudate, supports autolytic debridement of necrotic tissue  
🗑
what is a hydrogel   water or glycerine based gel, insoluble in water  
🗑
what types of wounds would a hyrdrogel be good for   partial to full-thickness, wound with necrosis, radiation burns  
🗑
what is a foam   semipermeable membrane  
🗑
what are the 2 types of foam   hydrophilic or hydrophobic  
🗑
what types of wounds would a foam be good for   partial to full-thickness w/ min-mod exudate, as a 2nd layer,  
🗑
what is an alginate   soft, absorbent which is derived from seaweed, form a viscous hydrophilic gel  
🗑
what types of wounds would an alginate be good for   mod-large amts of exudate, exudate and necrotic wounds, wounds that need packing, infected/noninfected exudating wounds  
🗑
gauze can be used for what 3 techniques   wet to dry, continuous dry, continous moist  
🗑
what types of wounds would a gauze be good for   exudative wounds, wounds with dead space or tunneling, wounds with both necrotic and exudate  
🗑
when should surgical debridement be used   cellulitis, immunocompromised pts, where an infection threatens the pts life  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: dcohen
Popular Physical Therapy sets