Bio Glossary
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| ORGANIC COMPOUND | A COVALENTLY BONDED COMPOUND THAT CONTAINS CARBON, EXCLUDING CARBONATES AND OXIDES.
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| FUNCTIONAL GROUP | PORTION OF A MOLECULE THAT IS ACTIVE IN A CHEMICAL REACTION AND DETERMINES THE PROPERTIES OF MANY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
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| MONOMER | SIMPLE MOLECULE THAT CAN COMBINE WITH OTHER LIKE OR UNLIKE MOLECULES TO AKE A POLYMER.
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| POLYMER | LARGE MOLECULE THAT IS FORMED BY MORE THAN FIVE MONOMERS, OR SMALL UNITS.
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| MACROMOLECULE | LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULE, USUALLY A POLYMER, COMPOSED FOR HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS OF ATOMS.
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| CONDENSATION REACTION | CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH TWO OR MORE MOLECULES COMBINE TO PRODUCE WATER OR ANOTHER SIMPLE MOLECULE.
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| HYDROLYSIS | CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN WATER AND ANOTHER SUBSTANCE TWO FORM TWO OR MORE NEW SUBSTANCES, A REACTION BETWEEN WATER AND SALT TO FORM AN ACID OR BASE.
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| ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE | COMPOUND THAT STORES A LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY.
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| CARBOHYDRATE | ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT IS MADE OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN AND PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS OF LIVING THINGS.
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| MONOSACCHARIDE | SIMPLE SUGAR THAT IS THE BASIC SUBUNIT, OR MONOMER, OF CARBOHYDRATE.
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| DISACCHARIDE | SUGAR FORMED FROM TWO MONOSACCHARIDES.
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| POLYSACCHARIDE | ONE OF THE CARBOHYDRATES MADE UP OF LONG CHAINS OF SIMPLE SUGARS; IT INCLUDES STARCH, CELLULOSE AND GLYCOGEN.
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| PROTEIN | ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT IS MADE OF ONE OR MORE CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS AND THAT IS A PRINCIPAL COMPONENT OF ALL CELLS.
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| AMINO ACID | ORGANIC MOLECULE THAT CONTAINS CARBOXYL AND AN AMINO GROUP AND MAKES UP PROTEINS.
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| PEPTIDE BOND | CHEMICAL BOND THAT FORMS BETWEEN THE CARBOXYL GROUP OF ONE AMINO ACID AND THE AMINO GROUP OF ANOTHER AMINO ACID.
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| POLYPEPTIDE | LONG CHAIN OF SEVERAL AMINO ACIDS.
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| ENZYME | A TYPE OF PROTEIN THAT SPEEDS UP METABOLIC REACTIONS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS WITHOUT BEING PERMANENTLY CHANGED OR DESTROYED.
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| SUBSTRATE | A PART, SUBSTANCE OR ELEMENT THAT LIES BENEATH AND SUPPORTS ANOTHER PART, SUBSTANCE OR ELEMENT. THE REACTANT IN REACTIONS CATALYZED BY ENZYMES.
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| ACTIVE SITE | THE SITE OF AN ENZYME THAT ATTACHES TO A SUBSTRACT.
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| LIPID | A LARGE, NONPOLAR ORGANIC MOLECULE, INCLUDING FATS AND STEROIDS: LIPIDS STORE ENERGY AND MAKE UP CELL MEMBRANES.
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| FATTY ACID | ORGANIC ACID THAT IS CONTAINED IN LIPIDS, SUCH AS FATS AND OILS.
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| PHOSPHOLIPID | A LIPID THAT CONTAINS PHOSPHOROUS AND THAT IS A STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN CELL MEMBRANES.
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| WAX | A TYPE OF STRUCTURAL LIPID CONSISTING OF A LONG FATTY-ACID CHAIN THAT IS JOINED TO A LONG ALCOHOL CHAIN.
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| STEROID | A TYPE OF LIPID THAT CONSIST OF FOUR CARBON RINGS TO WHICH VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ARE ATTACHED AND THAT USUALLY HAS A PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION.
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| NUCLEIC ACID | ORGANIC COMPOUND, EITHER RNA O DNA WHOSE MOLECULES ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR TWO CHAINS OF NUCLEOTIDES AND CARRY GENETIC INFO.
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| NUCLEOTIDE | IN A NUCLEIC-ACID CHAIN, A SUBUNIT THAT CONSIST OF SUGAR, A PHOSPHATE AND A NITROGENOUS BASE.
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| RIBONUCLEIC ACID | STORES AND TRANSFERS INFORMATION FROM DNA THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR MANUFACTURING OF PROTEINS.
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| DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) | CONTAINS THE INFORMATION THAT DETERMINES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ORGANISM.
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