Chapter 5 Structure/Function of Large Biological Molecules
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| A dehydration reaction (or condensation reaction) is the process in which _____. | show 🗑
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| show | proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
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| Which large biological molecule is not a polymer? | show 🗑
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| show | Glucose
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| How many molecules of water are used to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? | show 🗑
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| Which molecule is not a carbohydrate? Lipid Glycogen Cellulose Starch | show 🗑
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| show | RNA
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| show | Olive Oil
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| show | a component of animal cell membranes
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| Glycogen is _____. the form in which plants store sugars a polysaccharide found in animals a source of saturated fat a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls a transport protein that carries oxygen | show 🗑
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| glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____. starch + water ... dehydration synthesis sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis lactose + water ... hydrolysis cellulose + water ... hydrolysis maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | glycosidic linkage
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| show | cellulose
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| show | the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule
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| show | chitin
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| show | cellulose
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| Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because _____. | show 🗑
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| Polymers that contain sugars ... (a) may store hereditary information. (b) may store energy. (c) may protect cells. Both (b) and (c). (a), (b), and (c). | show 🗑
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| show | do not have a polar or charged region
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| show | The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not
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| Phospholipids and triglycerides both _____ have a glycerol backbone have three fatty acids have a phosphate contain serine or some other organic compound | show 🗑
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| show | are insoluble in water
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| What does cholesterol have in common with sex hormones? Strong polarity. Ester linkages. Four linked rings. Causes heart disease. Fatty acids. | show 🗑
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| Proteins are polymers of _____ glycerol CH2O units hydrocarbons nucleotides amino acids | show 🗑
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| show | peptide
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| The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. ionic bonds peptide bonds hydrophobic interactions hydrogen bonds bonds between sulfur atoms | show 🗑
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| Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____ hydrophobic interactions ionic bonds bonds between sulfur atoms hydrogen bonds peptide bonds | show 🗑
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| show | secondary structure ... hydrogen bonds
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| show | on the inside of a folded chain, away from the water
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| A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins? an amino group a β-pleated sheet a peptide bond a disulfide bond | show 🗑
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| show | primary structure
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| show | cholesterol
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| The tertiary structure of a protein is the _____. organization of a polypeptide chain into an α-helix or β-pleated sheet unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide | show 🗑
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| show | Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only
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| Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would _____. | show 🗑
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| What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? chaperonin renaturing protein tertiary protein denaturing protein | show 🗑
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| Which biological activity does NOT directly involve proteins? Sensing light. Changing the shape of a cell. Defending cells against viruses. Breaking food polymers into smaller molecules. None of the above; proteins are involved in all of them. | show 🗑
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| show | primary
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| _____ structure describes the alpha-helices and beta-helices that are formed by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms located near each other in the polypeptide chain. | show 🗑
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| _____structure is achieved when a protein folds into a compact, three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids. | show 🗑
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| _____ structure is the result of two or more protein subunits assembling to form a larger, biologically active protein complex. | show 🗑
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| If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand? | show 🗑
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| If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? 50 75 25 200 150 | show 🗑
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| show | hydrogen bonds
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| A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____. | show 🗑
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| The flow of genetic information in a cell goes from _____. DNA to ribosomes to RNA protein to RNA to DNA DNA to RNA to protein DNA to lipid to protein DNA to RNA to glucose | show 🗑
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| show | nucleotides
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| show | a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second
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| One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to _____. function in the synthesis of proteins make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA transmit genetic information to offspring | show 🗑
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| show | RNA
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| If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine? 40 10 80 It is impossible to tell from the information given. | show 🗑
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| If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence _____. 5'UGCAAU3' 3'UAACGU5' 5'TAACGT3' 5'TGCAAT3' | show 🗑
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| show | Not a chance because uracil is not a base in DNA, but a base in the RNA molecule.
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| Which statement helps to explain how DNA stores hereditary information? DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases. DNA is made from thousands of kinds of monomers. DNA contains 20 kinds of amino acids. | show 🗑
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| DNA and mRNA differ with respect to ... (d) the ability to make a double helix. (c) how many kinds of nucleotides are used to make the polymer. (b) the kinds of purines they contain. Both (a) and (b). (a) the kind of sugar they contain. | show 🗑
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| show | more oxygen
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| show | deoxyribose, phosphate group, ribose
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| What parts of a nucleic acid occur exclusively in DNA? thymine deoxyribose guanine adenine cytosine phosphate uracil ribose | show 🗑
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| What parts of a nucleic acid occur in both DNA and RNA? thymine deoxyribose guanine adenine cytosine phosphate uracil ribose | show 🗑
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| show | uracil, ribose
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| show | ATP
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Created by:
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