Chem Quiz Ch. 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| matter | the material of the universe - has mass and takes up space
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| substance | a sample of matter having a constant (uniform or definite) composition
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| atoms | fundamental unit of which elements are made, smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
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| elements | substances made by bonding two or more of the same atoms together
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| compounds | substances made by bonding two or more different atoms in specific ways
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| molecules | a collection of atoms bonded together that behave as a unit
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| allotropes | different physical forms of the same element
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| states of matter | solid, liquid, and gas
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| solid | matter that has definite shape and volume
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| liquid | matter that has definite volume, but takes the shape of its container
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| gas | matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container
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| properties of matter | properties are physical or chemical characteristics of substances
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| physical property |
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| chemical property | a characteristic of a substance that describes the ability of that substance to change into a different substance
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| physical changes | changes in a substance that do not change the chemical composition of the substance
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| chemical changes | changes in a substance that change the chemical composition of the substance
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| mixture | two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are physically combined
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| homogeneous | a type of mixture that is completely uniform in composition
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| heterogeneous | a type of mixture that is not uniform in composition
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| distillation | used to separate two or more liquids taking advantage of differences in boiling points
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| filtration | used to separate solids from liquids, or solids from other solids
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| chromatography | used to separate substances with different masses that dissolve in a common solvent
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| electrolysis | used to break compounds apart into elements, or to seperate ion susing electrical charge
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| trace minerals | mineral that is essential but present in small quantities
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| Law of Constant Composition | a given compound always contains the same proportions
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| chemical formula | the types of atoms and the number of each type in each unit (molecule) of s given compound
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| nucleus | central, dense core of the atom that contains most of the mass of the atom (protons + neutrons)
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| proton | positively charged particle found in the nucleus of the atom
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| neutron | neutral particle found in nucleus of the atom
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| nucleon | particle in the nucleus - refers to either protons or neutrons
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| electron | negatively charged particle found in the region surrounding the nucleus
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| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus
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| mass number | the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in a given nucleus
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| isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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| isotope abundance | percentage of that isotope that occurs naturally in an element
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| isotope mass | mass of an atom of that isotope
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| atomic mass | mass of an atom measured in "atomic mass units" (amu)
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| average atomic mass | weighted average mass of atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element
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| Dalton | atom - original atomic theory
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| William Crookes | cathode ray tube - invisible tays flow from cathode to anode
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| J.J. Thomson | electron - cathode ray - plum pudding model - tiny negative particles can be emitted
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| Robert Millikan | oil drop experiment - charge to mass ratio
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| Rutherford | nucleus, proton - gold foil experiment - dense center of positive charge; center composed of positive particles
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| Bohr | Bohr model - energy levels
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| Schrodinger | quantum-mechanical model - location of electron has a probability associated with it
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| Chadwick | neutron - center also has neutral particles
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Created by:
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