EXS 349 Ch 3
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| What is bioenergetics? | show 🗑
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| What is metabolism? | show 🗑
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| What is Metabolic Rate? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between BMR and RMR? | show 🗑
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| show | Age, sex, bod composition, ambient temp, food (fed vs starv), drugs
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| show | Miffin-St. Jeon? Equation for healthy, sedentary caucasian adults and Cunningham Equation for Athletes ex: RMR= 500 + 22 (FFM KG)
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| show | Men: 1 kal perKG per hour; women: .9 kcal perkg per hour
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| show | 1) creatine Phosphate system (ATP-PI- system, phosphagen system) 2) glycolysis (anaerobic [rapid]) 3) oxidative phosporylation (aerobic glycolysis [slow])
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| show | To provide ATP for muscle conraction
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| show | N-containing compoind constructed from arginine, glycine, and methionine
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| Exogenous sources? | show 🗑
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| show | Liver and kidneys if the specified AA are available
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| show | Potential energy is stored between the phosphate group and creaine; Energy is released when P is separated from creatine; Purpose: to rephosphorylate ADP and ATP
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| show | Very fast, 1-step chemical reaction involved w/ATP breakdown and repletion; ATP rephosphorylation is catalyzed by creatine phosphokinase (CPK or CK); Predominant energy system in very high intensity, anaerobic exercise (ex:0-10 s, explosive events)
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| How does the body replenish CRP? | show 🗑
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| Main characteristics of glycolysis? | show 🗑
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| show | "Doors" for substrates to get into a cell; glucose transporter 1- non insulin mediated; Glucose Transporter 4- Insulin mediated
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| show | Glucose becomes phosphorylated via ATP; 1) glucose enter te cell via Glute 1&4 2) hexokinase breaks down ATP 3) Phosphate group is placed on the 6Th position of the glucose molecule *Glucose 6-Phosphate (G6-P)*
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| show | it "traps" the glucose w/in the cell at the expense of ATP; G-6P is now primed for glycosis
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| What are the metablic fates of pyruvate? | show 🗑
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| show | Krebs cycle
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| What is the metabolic fate of lactic acid? | show 🗑
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| show | Both, Its acidic, lower plasma pH (i.e. metabolic acidosis) and lower ATP production; good because its 2 way reaction btween pyruvate and lactate; increase lactate will be converted to pyruvate; ex: heart and liver.
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| What are the end-products of anaerobic glycolysis? | show 🗑
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| show | 2 ATP molecules; 2 NADH; 2 pyruvate molecules (Acetyl CoA)
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| show | Aerobic, slow, potentially unlimited duration; pre-dominant energy system in endurance exercise.. ex: long distance events.
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| show | To remove electrons (oxidize) from the compounds produced from the breakdown of CHO, PRO, and FAT
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| Where do the electrons go? | show 🗑
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| show | Hydrogen and electon carrier (FAD too);malate-aspartate shuttle and glycerol-phosphate shuttle carries the NAD+ molecules to the electron transport system. Once the NADH arrives in te ETS it prodcues 3 ATP molecules
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| What is FAD? | show 🗑
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| show | A series of electron-passing reactions that provide energy fro ATP formation
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| How is ATP produced within he ETS? | show 🗑
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| show | Aerobic Glycolysis: 2 ATP molecules, 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvae molecules. Pyruvate converted to Acetyl-CoA: 2 NADH... Oxidative Phos: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 GTP.... 1 glucose = 38 ATP molecules
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| show | 1-5 in packet
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| What is glycogenesis? | show 🗑
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| show | break down of glycogen
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| show | Create new glucsoe from non carboyrate sources (lip, la, lac)
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| show | muslce: glycogen stored w/in the muslces, when broken down, glucose is released and used for ATP producion w/in muslces. Liver: glycogen stored w/in the liver, when broken down, glucose is released and goes into the bloodstream to measure plasma glucose.
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| show | Triglyceride (TG)- 3 fatty acids (FA), 1 glycerol
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| What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down TGs? | show 🗑
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| show | Goes into Beta oxidation
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| show | 4 chemical step process whereby 2-c segments (i.e. acetic acid) are cleaved of fthe FA chain *acetic acid is converted to Acetyl-CoA*
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| What is the metabolic fate of gllycerol? | show 🗑
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| Note: 1 cycle of beta oxidation will produce 1 NADH and 1 FADH2 and... | show 🗑
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| show | 12 ATP (look at kreb cycle) + 3 NADH + 2 FADH2= 17 ATPS
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| What prodcues more ATP molucles, one palmitic FA molucel or one glucose molecule? | show 🗑
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| Fundamentally, what are proteins? | show 🗑
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| What are amino acids? | show 🗑
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| What distinguishes PRO from CHO, FAT, and alcohol? | show 🗑
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| show | AA extracted from lean tissue will be used as a source of ATP (willl happen during prolonged exercise or state of starvation)
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| show | Proteins, specifically, functional protiens.
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| show | Regulates the rate of chemical reations
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| show | Lowers the "energy of activation" needed to start a chemical reaction
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| show | An enzyme that reglates the rate of a metabolic pathway ... think of a dimmer swtich fro ma specific chemical reaction
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| What is the RLE for the CrP system? | show 🗑
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| show | Phosphofructosekinase
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| show | Cytochrome Oxidase
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| show | Stimulators: ADP and Pi -> Your muslces reak these down
Inhibitor: ATP -> large surplus means you dont need to make more
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